黔中地区不同马尾松群丛植物群落与土壤理化性质特征

Characteristics of Communities and Soil PhysicoChemical Properties of Different Pinus massoniana in Central Guizhou

为探究黔中地区不同马尾松群丛生境下植物群落与土壤理化性质特征,以黔中地区6种典型马尾松群丛类型样地为研究对象,对植物物种进行了调查。根据各群丛优势种将其命名为马尾松+杉木—茅栗—寒莓群丛(群丛Ⅰ)、马尾松+白栎—茅栗+白栎—寒莓+蕨群丛(群丛Ⅱ)、马尾松+响叶杨—山胡椒+白栎—芒草群丛(群丛Ⅲ)、马尾松+枫香—茅栗—姬蕨+凉山悬钩子群丛(群丛Ⅳ)、马尾松—白栎—荩草+针毛蕨群丛(群丛Ⅴ)、马尾松—白栎+白花悬钩子—芒萁+地果群丛(群丛Ⅵ)。比较不同群丛下植被多样性及土壤理化性质特征,同时探究二者间相互关系。结果显示:调查共记录维管植物120种,隶属62科,99属;不同群丛植被多样性指数具有明显差异,表现为群丛Ⅳ>群丛Ⅲ>群丛Ⅱ>群丛Ⅰ>群丛Ⅵ>群丛Ⅴ。此外,群丛内各层次多样性存在一定差异。不同马尾松群丛土壤容重、湿度、含水量、pH、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾、有机质等均具有显著差异(p<0.05),其中群丛Ⅳ土壤养分显著高于其他群丛类型。CCA分析结果表明:土壤电导率、海拔、郁闭度、容重、有效磷可能是影响马尾松群丛植物物种分布的重要环境因素(p<0.05)。

Taking six types of typical Pinus massoniana in Guizhou as the research objects,we nvestigated the plant species.The communities are named Pinus massoniana+Cunninghamia lanceolata—Castanea seguinii—Rubus buergeri(Ⅰ),Pinus massoniana+Quercus fabri—Castanea seguinii+Quercus fabri—Rubus buergeri+Pteridium aquilinum(Ⅱ),Pinus massoniana+Populus adenopoda—Lindera glauca+Quercus fabri—Miscanthus sinensis(Ⅲ),Pinus massoniana+Liquidambar formosana—Castanea seguinii—Hypolepis pallida+Rubus fockeanus(Ⅳ),Pinus massoniana—Quercus fabri—Arthraxon hispidus+Macrothelypteris oligophlebia(Ⅴ),Pinus massoniana—Quercus fabri+Rubus leucanthus—Miscanthus sinensis+Ficus tikoua(Ⅵ).The plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties under different communities were compared,and the relationship between the two are explored.The results showed that a total of 120 species of vascular plants,belonging to 62 families and 99 genera,were recorded;the plant diversity indices of different communities had obvious differences,and decreased in the order:Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅵ>Ⅴ;in addition,the plant diversity indices in each group were also different between levels;the soil bulk density,water content,pH,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter,etc.of different Pinus massoniana clusters were significantly different(p<0.05);The soil nutrients of clusterⅣwere significantly higher than those of the other cluster types.The results of CCA analysis showed that soil conductivity,altitude,canopy closure,bulk density,available phosphorus may be important environmental factors affecting the distribution of plant species in the Pinus massoniana stand(p<0.05).