血筛酶联免疫吸附法HIV-HBV-HCV阴性标本再行核酸检测的安全性分析

Safety analysis of re-nucleic acid test of HIV-HBV-HCV negative samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

目的探讨在无偿献血者血液筛选过程中,对酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)筛查人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)-乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)-丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)阴性标本再实施核酸检测(NAT)的安全性。方法选取37997例无偿献血者,对其血液样本实施ELISA检查,并针对ELISA呈阴性样本再行NAT,统计分析两次检测结果。结果 37997份无偿献血者血液标本实施ELISA检测后显示有465份阳性样本,其阳性检出率为1.22%;对37532份血清ELISA检测呈阴性的标本再NAT后,其检测结果显示存在39份阳性标本,阳性检出率为0.10%。结论目前对献血者血液实施血清学ELISA检测后,即便是合格血液仍存在一定的输血传播疾病风险,输血传染疾病主要是以HBV为主,在对献血者血液进行再NAT可以有效提升血液筛查质量,从而最大限度的避免输血传播疾病发生,进一步提升输血安全性。

Objective To discuss the safety of re-nucleic acid test(NAT) of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-hepatitis B virus(HBV)-hepatitis C virus(HCV) negative samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in blood screening of unpaid blood donors.Methods 37997 cases of unpaid blood donors were selected,their blood samples were tested by ELISA,and NAT was performed on samples that were negative for ELISA,and the results of the two tests were statistically analyzed.Results There were 465 positive samples in 37997 blood samples,the positive detection rate was 1.22%;after re-NAT of 37532 negative samples,the detection results showed that there were 39 positive samples,the positive detection rate was 0.10%.Conclusion At present,after the implementation of serological ELISA test on blood donors,even the qualified blood still has a certain risk of transfusion transmitted diseases.The main infectious diseases of blood transfusion are HBV.Re-NAT on blood donors can effectively improve the quality of blood screening,so as to avoid the occurrence of transfusion transmitted diseases to the maximum extent and further improve the safety of blood transfusion.