水氮配置对地下渗灌枣树光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen allocation on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of jujube trees with filtration irrigation

探寻旱区适宜的水氮配置对地下渗灌枣树光合特性及产量的影响。以8年成龄枣树作为研究对象,设置不同灌溉定额(W1:2250 m^(3)/hm^(2)、W2:3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)、W3:3750 m^(3)/hm^(2))+施氮量(N1:240 kg/hm^(2)、N2:300kg/hm^(2)、N3:360 kg/hm^(2))的2因素3水平试验。分析不同配置对枣树叶片光合特性(Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci)、叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)和叶片氮含量(N)、水分利用效率(WUE)、氮肥偏生产力及产量的影响。结果显示,不同水氮配置处理间Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci存在显著性差异(P<0.05),随着灌水量和施氮量的增加,Pn、Tr、Gs和叶片SPAD逐渐增加;Ci和N随着灌溉量的增加逐渐减小;氮肥施入量显著提高Ci和N的值。适宜的水氮配置,有利于光合特性、叶片SPAD、氮肥偏生产力、水分利用效率、产量构成因素和产量的增加。W2N2条件下的水分利用效率最高(2.54 kg/m^(3)),氮肥偏生产力最高(24.15 kg/kg),产量构成因素及产量(7246.26 kg/hm^(2))仅次于W3N3,并且从水氮配置交互作用考虑枣树光合特性、叶绿素含量、含氮量、耗水量、产量及氮肥偏生产力,选择适宜的水氮配置不仅有利于提高枣树产量,还能达到较为理想的水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力。通过研究分析得出:宁夏旱区同心圆枣地下渗灌节水高效生产的适宜水氮配比为:灌溉量3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施氮量300 kg/hm^(2)。

To explore the effects of suitable water and nitrogen allocations on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of jujube trees with filtration irrigation in arid areas,8 years old jujube trees were used as research objects,and different irrigation quotas(W1:2250 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2:3000 m^(3)/hm^(2),W3:3750 m^(3)/hm^(2)) with different nitrogen application rates(N1:240 kg/hm^(2),N2:300 kg/hm^(2),N3:360 kg/hm^(2)) were set up.The photosynthesis characteristics(Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci),leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD),nitrogen content(N),water use efficiency(WUE),nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and yield of jujube under different configurations were analyzed.The Pn,Tr,Gs and Ci of different water and nitrogen allocation reached significant difference(P<0.05).The results showed that,with the increase of water and nitrogen allocation,Pn,Tr,Gs and SPAD gradually increased.The Ci and N decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.The increase in the amount of nitrogen applied significantly increased the value of Ci and N.Appropriate water and nitrogen configuration was conducive to photosynthetic characteristics,leaf SPAD,nitrogen fertilizer bias growth,water use efficiency,yield components and yield.The W2 N2 utilization efficiency was up to 2.54 kg/m^(3),and the nitrogen fertilizer bias was up to 24.15 kg/kg.The yield component and yield(7246.26 kg/hm^(2)) ranked only second to W3 N3.Considering the photosynthesis characteristics,chlorophyll content,nitrogen content,water consumption,yield and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of jujube trees from the interaction of water and nitrogen configuration,selecting suitable water and nitrogen allocation is not only beneficial to increase jujube yield,but also achieve ideal water utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity.It can be concluded that the appropriate water and nitrogen configuration are 3000 m^(3)/hm^(2) of irrigation amount and 300 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen application rate,which can provide reference for high yield and high efficient production of jujube trees with filtration irrigation in the dry land of Tongxin area,Ningxia.