玉米播种机滴灌带浅埋铺设装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Shallow Buried Laying Device for Drip Irrigation Belt of Corn Seeder

为解决在滴灌带浅埋铺设过程中,当机具紧急停车时滴灌带易产生松弛拥堵等现象,以及铺设装置对地形适应能力差等问题,设计了一种适用于玉米播种机且具备自动锁紧功能的滴灌带浅埋铺设装置。阐述了该滴灌带浅埋铺设装置的基本结构和工作原理,并对关键部件进行了理论分析与设计。对滴灌带卷盘转轴进行模态分析表明,该轴在正常作业时不会产生共振现象,并确定了滴灌带输送与自动锁紧装置、仿形装置和开沟铺设装置的关键结构和工作参数。依据玉米宽窄行种植模式要求,将滴灌带铺设装置集成在玉米播种机上并进行田间试验。结果表明:当机组作业速度为4~6 km/h时,滴灌带输送顺畅,铺设深度合格率为93.0%,铺设深度变异系数为22.3%,覆土量为619.5 g,能够满足滴灌带浅埋铺设的要求,当机组紧急停车时,滴灌带铺设自动锁紧装置及时锁紧,有效防止了滴灌带的松弛、拥堵现象。

In the process of laying drip irrigation belt,it is prone to appear relaxation and congestion of the belt when the seeder stops in an emergency,and the laying device has poor adaptability to field surface.In order to solve the problems,a shallow buried laying device for drip irrigation belt with automatic locking function was designed,which was suitable for corn seeder.The device can lock the drip irrigation belt coil in time when the seeder was shut down in an emergency,and prevent the phenomenon of drip irrigation belt winding and accumulation effectively.And it can realize shallow buried laying by copying and ensure the depth consistency of drip irrigation belt.The shaft did not appear resonance phenomenon under the normal operation condition through the modal analysis of the reel shaft of drip irrigation belt.The theoretical analysis and calculation of hydraulic brake device was carried out,and the key factors affecting the overflow amount of drip irrigation belt were determined.The working parameters of the parallel four-bar mechanism and the spring were designed,and the terrain adaptability can be improved through the joint operation with the copying wheel.The designed leveling shovel can compress and reshape the shape of the ditch bottom opened by the double disc ditch opener,providing a superior ditch bottom environment for shallow buried drip irrigation.Field experiments showed that when the forward speed of seeder was 4~6 km/h,the qualified rate of the depth laid by the shallow-buried laying device was 93.0%,the variation coefficient of laying depth was 22.3%,and the amount of covering soil was 619.5 g.In the process of operation,drip irrigation belt transportation was smooth.When the tractor stopped in an emergency,the automatic locking device of drip irrigation belt transportation can be braked in time to eliminate the accumulation and winding phenomenon of drip irrigation belt.