灌溉方式与生物炭对花生根系、磷素利用及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation Methods and Biochar on Peanut Root,Phosphorus Utilization and Yield

为确定花生最佳灌溉方式和生物炭用量,于2018—2019年连续2年在辽西北阜新蒙古族自治县实验站开展大田试验。以小白沙1016花生为材料,采用2因素裂区设计,主区设置沟灌(F)、滴灌(D)和膜下滴灌(M)3种灌溉方式,副区设置0 t/hm^(2)(B0)、10 t/hm^(2)(B10)、20 t/hm^(2)(B20)、40 t/hm^(2)(B40)4个生物炭用量水平,研究不同灌溉方式和生物炭用量互作对土壤有效磷含量、花生根系形态及磷素积累量的影响。结果表明:灌溉方式和生物炭用量存在显著互作效应。10 t/hm^(2)生物炭处理在膜下滴灌下获得最高产量,2年平均增产14.2%。生物炭能够有效促进花生根系形态的优化,且在膜下滴灌下施用10 t/hm^(2)生物炭可明显增加花生的根长、根表面积和根体积。与不施生物炭相比,10 t/hm^(2)生物炭处理显著提高表层土壤有效磷含量和植株磷素积累量,其中以膜下滴灌与10 t/hm^(2)生物炭耦合处理的提升效果最为明显。因此,MB10处理为本试验最佳耦合模式,此模式可以充分发挥互作效应,通过创造良好花生根系形态,增强表层土壤有效磷含量,进而促进植株对磷素的吸收积累,最终实现花生增产。

In order to determine the optimal irrigation method and biochar application rate for peanut,field experiments were conducted in Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County Experimental Station of Northwest Liaoning Province for two consecutive years from 2018 to 2019.In this experiment,Xiaobaisha 1016 peanut was used as the material,and the split plot design with two factors was used,the main plots included three irrigation methods:furrow irrigation(F),drip irrigation(D)and mulched drip irrigation(M),the sub-plots within each of main plots included four biochar application rates:0 t/hm^(2)(B0),10 t/hm^(2)(B10),20 t/hm^(2)(B20)and 40 t/hm^(2)(B40).The effects of different irrigation methods and biochar application rates on soil available phosphorus content,peanut root morphology and phosphorus accumulation were studied.The results showed that there was a significant interaction effect between irrigation method and biochar application rate.The highest yield of 10 t/hm^(2)biochar was obtained under mulched drip irrigation,and the average yield increase in two years was 14.2%.Biochar could effectively promote the optimization of peanut root morphology,and the application of 10 t/hm^(2)biochar under mulched drip irrigation could significantly increase the root length,root surface area and root volume.Compared with no biochar application,10 t/hm^(2)biochar application significantly increased the available phosphorus content and plant phosphorus accumulation,and the coupling effect of mulched drip irrigation with 10 t/hm^(2)biochar application was the most obvious.Therefore,MB10 treatment was the best coupling mode in this experiment.This mode can give full play to the interaction effect.By creating a good peanut root morphology,increasing the available phosphorus content in the surface soil,and then promoting the absorption and accumulation of phosphorus by plants,and finally achieving peanut yield increase.