水稻-番茄轮作植物寄生线虫及微生物群落结构差异

Differences of Plant Parasitic Nematode and Microbial Community Structures Between Rotation and Continuous Cropping

土壤线虫和微生物群落结构与作物健康密切相关。采用田间试验,利用传统分类和高通量测序技术,研究了水稻–番茄轮作(FS)、番茄连作(FF)和休耕(CK)3种种植制度土壤线虫及微生物群落结构差异。结果表明,水旱轮作土壤中线虫种类少,自由生活线虫占比高。土壤中植物寄生线虫属的检出率,轮作最少,仅有5个,连作最多,共13个,且大部分为常见属;水旱轮作同时能降低土壤中植物寄生线虫的种类,包括主要危害番茄的根结线虫属,占比仅2.1%,而连作为29.7%。不同种植制度下真菌和细菌类群OUTs和群落结构差异明显;与连作相比,轮作和休耕真菌、细菌种群丰富度更高,共享占比更多,群落构成更相近;水旱轮作Alpha多样性指数显著高于连作;轮作土壤中植物寄生线虫拮抗微生物类群Chaetomium,Talaromyces,Anaerolineaceae和Acidobacteria相对丰度高于连作。水稻–番茄轮作能大幅减少植物寄生线虫种类,增加微生物群落多样性,改善土壤质量,是番茄生产中防控线虫病害的理想措施。

The community structures of soil nematodes and microbes are closely related to crop health.The differences of soil nematode and microbial community structures in rice-tomato rotation(FS),continuous cropping(FF)and fallow(CK)cropping systems were studied by a field experiment using traditional classification and high-throughput sequencing techniques.The results showed that there were fewer species of plant parasitic nematodes and higher proportion of free-living nematodes in FS.The detection rate of plant parasitic nematodes was the lowest(5)in FS,and the highest(13)in FF,most of which were common genera.The OUTs and community structure of fungi and bacteria were significantly different under different cropping systems,compared with FF,FS and CK increased the abundance of fungi and bacterial species,shared a larger proportion,and had a more similar community composition;αdiversity index of microbe was significantly higher in FS than FF.The groups Chaetomium,Talaromyces,Anaerolineaceae and Acidobacteria that are antagonistic to plant parasitic nematodes in FS was higher in relative abundance than FF.FS can greatly reduce plant parasitic nematode,reshape the microbial community,and improve soil quality,thus,it is an ideal measure for the prevention and control of nematode diseases in tomato production.