农村老年人心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of Mental Health Status and its Influencing Factors of the Elderly in Rural Areas

分析青海省海东市农村老年人心理健康现状及影响因素,为农村老年人心理健康服务提供实证研究的依据,采用随机整群抽样的方法对海东市489名60岁以上的老年人进行调查,采用《个人基本情况问卷》《凯斯勒心理压力量表》(K10量表),利用SPSS22.0统计软件包对数据进行统计学分析。被调查的489名老年人心理健康状况良好的103人,占21.06%;一般的106人,占21.68%;较差的163人,占33.33%;差的117人,占23.93%。K10量表上的得分在不同文化水平、是否外出打工间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在自评健康状况、对生活的满意度、是否易患病、对人生的态度、自评家庭经济水平间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);多元逐步回归分析显示自评健康状况、是否易患病、对人生的态度是影响心理健康的主要因素。要大力推进社会心理服务体系建设,从家庭、社会、政府层面重视农村老年人群的心理健康状况,并积极采取相应的措施改善农村老年人心理健康状况。

To understand the mental health status and influencing factors of the rural elderly in Haidong city of Qinghai province, and to provide empirical research basis for the mental health service of the rural elderly.489 elderly people over 60 years old in Haidong city were investigated by random cluster sampling.The data were analyzed by personal basic information questionnaire and Kessler psychological stress scale(K10)and SPSS 22.0 statistical software package.Among the 489 elderly people surveyed, 103 were in good mental health accounting for 21.06%,106 were average covering 21.68%,and 163 were relatively poor taking up 33.33%,and the poor are 117 for 23.93%.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of K10 scale among different educational levels and whether to work outside(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in self-rated health status, satisfaction with life, susceptibility to disease, attitude to life and family economic level(P<0.001).;Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that self-rated health status, susceptibility to disease and attitude towards life were the main factors affecting mental health.It is necessary to vigorously promote the construction of social psychological service system, attach great importance to the mental health status of the elderly in rural areas from the family, society and government levels, and actively take corresponding measures to improve the mental health status of the elderly in rural areas.