藏族历史文化名村的空间格局特征分析

Analysis of Spatial Structure Features for Famous Historical and Cultural Villages of Tibetan Nationality

以青海省果洛藏族自治州班玛县班前村作为研究对象,采用图示化分析、景观格局指数分析等方法,解读班前村自建村以来聚落建筑演变特征及其景观格局.研究结果表明:从空间分布上看,班前村的聚落空间以团状发展,其聚集程度不断降低,具有扩散趋势,两个寺院组团作为原始组团,引导着居住组团沿着玛可河由南至北逐步向上游扩张;从空间形态上看,班前村建筑斑块形状简单,寺院组团相对于民居组团而言具有更大规模,且内部布局紧凑;就景观格局上而言,耕地作为村域内的优势斑块,与林地、草场、水域等景观类型组成了班前村"山-水-田-居"的景观风貌.最后,通过对班前村现状格局存在问题的分析,提出统筹发展、遵循图式、适度更新,以及建筑分类保护等针对性保护策略.

Taking Banqian Village,Banma County,Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province as the research object,using graphical analysis,landscape pattern index analysis and other methods to interpret the architectural evolution characteristics and landscape pattern of Banqian Village since its establishment.The research show that:In terms of spatial distribution,the settlement space of Banqian Village develops in the form of cluster,and the degree of agglomeration decreases continuously,showing a trend of diffusion.As the original cluster,the two temple clusters guide the residential cluster to gradually expand upstream along the Maco River from south to north.In terms of spatial morphology,the shape of the building patch in Banqian Village is simple,the temple cluster is larger that of residential cluster,and the internal layout is compact.In terms of landscape pattern,as the dominant patch in the village,cultivated land,together with forest land,grassland and water,formed the"mountain-water-field-home"landscape style of Banqian Village.Finally,through the analysis of the existing problems in the current situation of Banqian Village,therefore,the protection strategies,such as overall development,schema-following,moderate renewal,and building classification protection were proposed.