婴幼儿食品中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的研究现状

Research Status of 3-Chloropropanol Esters and Glycidyl Ester in Infant Foods

氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯是食用油精炼过程中形成的加工污染物。氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯本身不具有毒性,但它们水解产生的氯丙醇和缩水甘油具有致癌和/或遗传毒性。精炼植物油是婴幼儿配方奶粉(简称“婴配粉”)中的重要成分,仅用婴配粉喂养的婴幼儿可能会暴露于氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯下。本文通过比较2013—2019年美国5个制造商生产的婴配粉中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯含量的变化情况,发现可将植物油中的氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的含量控制在较低水平。我国目前尚无食品中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的限值标准,可暂时参照欧盟法规控制植物油和婴配粉中的氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯。本文汇总分析了氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的结构和性质、毒性及对健康的影响、来源、监管限制,提出了相对应的控制措施。

Chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters are the processing contaminants formed during the refining of edible oils.Chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters are not inherently toxic,but the chloropropanol and glycidol produced through their hydrolysis are carcinogenic and/or genetically toxic.Refined vegetable oil is an important ingredient in infant formula,and the infants fed only with milk formula may be exposed to glycidol and MCPD.The fat content of infant formula is higher than those of older infant formula and infant formula,so the contamination level of 3-and 2-MCPD esters is higher.This paper compared the changes in MCPD and glycidol contents in infant formula produced by five US manufacturers from 2013 to 2019.The detection methods of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters can be roughly divided into direct methods and indirect methods.At present,there is no limit standard for chloropropanol and glycidyl ester in food in China,but 3-MCPDs and glycidyl esters in vegetable oil and infant formula milk powder can be controlled by referring to EU regulations for the time being.