务工型老年流动人口的特征解析——基于定居意愿的比较

The Demographic Characteristics of the Elderly Migrant Workers: Comparative Studies Based on Settlement Intention

务工型老年流动人口是一个兼具独特性与复杂性的流动人口群体。虽然务工型老年流动人口的诸多特征看似介于非务工型老年流动人口与务工型中年流动人口之间,但是,本文利用2017年全国流动人口动态监测数据,通过健康状态与在业状况对定居意愿影响模式的分析与比较发现,生命周期及代际支持理论对务工型老年流动人口定居意愿的适用性远高于市场回报理论的解释,务工型老年流动人口突出具备的是老年人特征,追求家庭养老支持是他们考虑定居意愿的重要依据,他们原本所具有的务工者特征并不突出。家庭迁居水平、流入地定居条件对解释务工型老年流动人口定居意愿的重要性、前提性,进一步说明生命周期及代际支持理论对该群体的适用性,更凸显其老年群体特征。另外,本研究还发现,健康状态与工作状况作为劳动力市场竞争因素的作用,随务工型流动人口年龄段的提升而不断下降,也就是说,从业状态的生命周期效应不止发生在务工型流动人口的老年阶段,还有向中年阶段扩展的迹象。因此,本文认为,各地政府在制订相关政策时,应充分考虑务工型老年流动人口的生命周期特征,同时,亟待构建家庭友好型的社会政策环境,将他们逐步整合到流入地的公共资源及服务供给体系中。

The elderly migrants working in nonagricultural?sectors are a group with unique and complex characteristics which seem to be between the demographics of the elderly migrants stopping working and that of the middle-aged working floating population. This paper,based on the data from the national dynamic monitoring of the migrant population in 2017, analyzes the influences of health and employment status on the settlement intention and finds that the applicability of life cycle and intergenerational support theory to the elderly migrants working in nonagricultural?business is much higher than that of market return theory. As they have more characteristics of the elderly instead of that of migrant workers they used to have, and their strong pursuit of family support shapes their settlement intention. The family migration and the settlement conditions of the inflow place are the important factors, even the premise, to explain the settlement intention of the elderly migrants, which further shows the applicability of life cycle and inter-generational support theory to this group and highlights their characteristics of the elderly. In addition, the role of health and work status as competitive factors in the labor market continues to decline with the increased age, which implies that the life cycle effect of work status has expanded from the elderly to the middle-age of migrant workers. Therefore, the life cycle characteristics of elderly migrant workers should be fully considered for a family-friendly social policy to help the elderly migrants gradually integrate into the public services system of the inflow areas.