“双碳”目标下中国天然气发展的关键问题

The Key Issues of Natural Gas Development in China under the “Dual Carbon” Goals

为深入探讨天然气在中国"碳达峰""碳中和"进程中的角色与发展前景,研究分析天然气在电力系统调峰、替代煤炭、撬动氢能产业发展等领域与其他能源的比较优势,认为天然气将在中国能源转型中起关键支撑作用,主要体现在3个方面:一是在构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的过程中气电充当主要调峰电源;二是天然气将补位(补充增量)和替代(替代存量)高碳高污染燃料,充当基础能源;三是在氢能发展过程中充当"孵化器"和"助推器",培育氢能产业并促进其规模化发展。建议要发挥好天然气在中国能源转型中的关键支撑作用,需要进一步夯实国产气"压舱石"作用、打造足以支撑高比例可再生能源发展的储气调峰能力,并建立和完善体现天然气低碳、清洁和灵活性价值的政策体系和市场化机制。

In order to deeply discuss the role and development prospect of natural gas in the process of "carbon peak"and "carbon neutrality" in China, the authors have analyzed the advantages of natural gas compared with other energy sources in the fields of peak adjustment of power system, replacing coal and leveraging hydrogen energy industry development, and concluded that natural gas will play a key supporting role in China’s energy transformation. It is mainly reflected in three aspects:(a) gas-fired power will serve as the main flexible power source in the process of building a new power system with new energy as the main body;(b) natural gas will meet increment energy demand and replace existing fuels which with high carbon and pollution as the basic energy;(c) natural gas will act as the"incubator" and "booster" in the process of hydrogen energy development, including to cultivate hydrogen energy industry and to promote its large-scale development. In order that gas plays a key supporting role in the energy transformation in China, some suggestions are put forward, including to further strengthen the domestic gas "Ya Cang Shi" role, to build up enough storage capacity to support high proportion of renewable energy development, and to establish and improve the policy system and market mechanism with which the low carbon, clean and flexibility values of gas are reflected.