农村居家失能老年人社会支持满意度影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors for social support satisfaction among disabled elderly at home in rural areas

目的了解农村居家失能老年人对社会支持满意度影响因素,为进一步提高社会支持水平和失能老年人的养老质量提供决策依据。方法于2020年6月-10月采用随机抽样法在陕西陕南、陕北、关中三个地区共6个乡镇对211名失能老年人开展问卷调查并进行访谈,并用有序Logistic回归模型分析失能老年人社会支持满意度的影响因素。结果调查的211名失能老年人中,对社会支持不满意49名(23.22%),一般满意110名(52.13%),满意52名(24.65%)。有序Logistic回归分析显示,失能等级、慢性病数量、2019年是否住院、生活中最重要的照顾者、距离最近医疗机构用时、与家人的关系是失能老年人对社会支持满意度的重要影响因素(均P<0.05)。其中女性、失能等级越低、2019年没有住院、生活中最重要的照顾者是配偶、距离最近医疗机构时间越短的失能老年人对社会支持满意度水平越高(OR分别为2.07、71.52、30.75、19.22);与家人关系不好的失能老年人对社会支持满意度水平越低(OR=0.39)。结论失能老年人对社会支持满意度处于一般水平。失能等级、慢性病数量、近年是否住院、生活中最重要的照顾者、距离最近医疗机构用时、与家人的关系是失能老年人对社会支持满意度的重要影响因素。

Objective To examine influencing factors for social support satisfaction among disabled elderly people at home in rural areas and to provide evidence for policies on further improving the level of social support and the quality of care for disabled elderly people.Methods We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey with 211 disabled elderly people*using a random sampling method in 6 villages and towns in the Southern,Northern and Guanzhong areas of Shaanxi province from June to October 2020.An ordinal logistic regression model was adopted to analyze influencing factors for social support satisfaction among the participants.Results The survey results indicated that,of the 211 disabled elderly people,49(23.22%)were unsatisfied with social support,110(52.13%)were generally satisfied,and 52(24.65%)were satisfied.Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of disability,the number of chronic diseases,with or without hospitalization in 2019,the most important daily caregiver,the time needed to the nearest medical institution,and relationships with family members were important factors influencing social support satisfaction for disabled elderly people(ali PV0.05).For the elderly with disability,female,a low degree of disability,no hospitalization in 2019,the spouse as the most important caregiver,and a short time needed to the nearest medical institution tended to be associated with a high level of social support satisfaction(OR=2.07,71.52,30.75 and 19.22,respectively).Poor relationships with family members were associated with a low level of social support satisfaction(OR=0.39).Conclusions The satisfaction of disabled elderly people with social support is at a moderate level.For elderly people with disability,the degree of disability,the number of chronic diseases,recent hospitalization,the most important daily caregivers,the time needed to the nearest medical institution,and relationships with family members are important influencing factors for social support satisfaction.