湿地景观动态的遥感监测

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Wetland Landscape Dynamics

对扎龙湿地景观进行动态的遥感监测,基于1979、1999、2017年扎龙湿地3期Landsat卫星遥感影像数据,以扎龙湿地1990年地形图为基准,在遥感图像处理软件(ArcGIS10.2和ENVI5.3)以及景观分析软件(FRAGSTATS4.0)的支持下,对扎龙湿地遥感影像进行非监督分类,按照不同的景观类型分为明水、湿地、草地、居民地、农田5类,对其开展面积变化分析和景观格局分析.研究表明:从面积变化的角度看,湿地、农田和明水面积增加,居民地面积基本保持不变,草地数量大量减少;从景观格局变化的角度看,破碎度增加,景观格局受人类活动影响加剧,草地逐渐变得破碎零散,最大斑块指数严重降低.草地向湿地和农田转化,提高了湿地和农田的最大斑块指数,体现了社会的快速进步和城镇化进程的加快.

In order to carry out dynamic remote sensing monitoring of Zhalong wetland landscape,based on the Landsat satellite remote sensing image data of the three phases of Zhalong wetland in 1979,1999 and 2017,and taking the 1990 topographic map of Zhalong wetland as a benchmark,and with the support of remote sensing image processing software(ArcGIS10.2 and ENVI5.3) and landscape analysis software(FRAGSTATS4.0),the remote sensing image of Zhalong wetland is classified unsupervised and divided into five categories according to different landscape types,namely,open water,wetland,grassland,residential area and farmland,and the area change analysis and landscape pattern analysis are carried out.The results show that from the perspective of area change,the areas of wetland,farmland and open water increase,the area of residential land basically remains unchanged,and the number of grassland decreases greatly.From the perspective of landscape pattern change,the degree of fragmentation increases,the landscape pattern is aggravated by human activities,the grassland gradually becomes fragmented and scattered,and the maximum patch index is seriously reduced.The conversion of grassland to wetland and farmland has increased the maximum patch index of wetland and farmland,reflecting the rapid progress of society and the acceleration of urbanization.