皖南事变前中共发展华中的战略支点演变

The Evolution of the CPC’s Strategic Pivot in Developing Central China Before the Southern Anhui Incident

从抗战全面爆发至皖南事变前夕,中共向华中发展的战略支点几经演变并最终在苏北定型。发展华中之初,江北豫东彭雪枫部与江南陈毅支队同步展开。1939年5月,中共考虑以新四军江北指挥部为发展华中的领导核心,但国民党反共摩擦使皖东根据地失去可能。1939年底中共决定以苏北为突破口建立战略支点,通过八路军与新四军战略配合解决苏北顽军韩德勤部,最终建立了以盐城为中心的苏北抗日根据地。中共向华中发展的战略支点演变是新四军在敌、我、顽三角斗争中复杂情态的呈现,中共领导人综合考量地形、给养、敌情、国民党军队等因素,充分运用政治智慧进行战略选择与策略调试,打通了华北与江南的联系,取得了建立战略支点的基本经验。

From the full outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War to the eve of the Southern Anhui Incident,the strategic pivot of the CPC’s development towards central China had evolved several times and finally took shape in northern Jiangsu.Initially,the CPC developed central China under the idea of establishing two main military regions.North of the Yangtze River took the Peng Xuefeng Department in eastern Henan as its strategic pivot,and south of the Yangtze River used Chen Yi to establish a model base area.In May 1939,the CPC considered taking the north of the Yangtze River Command of the New Fourth Army as the core leadership for the development of central China,but the anti-Communist friction of the Kuomintang made the Eastern Anhui Base Areas impossible.At the end of 1939,the CPC decided to take northern Jiangsu as a breakthrough point to establish a strategic fulcrum.Through the strategic cooperation of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army,the Han Deqin department of the tenacious army in northern Jiangsu was resolved through strategic cooperation,and finally established an anti-Japanese base in northern Jiangsu centered on Yancheng.The evolution of the strategic fulcrum of the CPC’s development towards central China was the presentation of the complex situation of the New Fourth Army in the struggle among the enemy,itself and the stubborn triangle.The CPC leaders comprehensively considered the terrain,supplies,the enemy situation,the Kuomintang army and other factors,made full use of political wisdom to make strategic choice and strategy debugging,opened up the relationship between north China and south China,and obtained the basic experience of establishing a strategic fulcrum.