新科技革命背景下的人类劳动形态变迁

Changes in Human Labor Forms under the Background of the New Technological Revolution

劳动作为人特有的活动,是推动人类社会形成和发展的原生动力。随着以人工智能、物联网、云计算、虚拟现实等技术为代表的新科技革命在劳动场景中的广泛应用,人类劳动正在经历着一场新的变革,具体表现为劳动工具的"人格化"、劳动过程的"无人化"、劳动场域的"多维化"以及劳动分工的"去边界化"。人类劳动形态从过去的强迫性劳动转向志趣性劳动,从重复性劳动转向创造性劳动,从专业化劳动转向兼业化劳动,从生存性劳动转向体验性劳动,从物质劳动转向非物质劳动。这一变革进一步推动人机交互在劳动分工协作网络中的作用更为凸显,基于志趣的小众化研发型劳动组织成为主流以及劳动与闲暇从对立走向统一。

As a unique activity of human beings,labor is the primary driving force to promote the formation and development of human society.With the widespread application of the new scientific and technological revolution represented by Artificial Intelligence,Internet of Things,Cloud Computing,Virtual Reality and other technologies in the field of labor production,human labor is undergoing a new change,which is embodied in the"Personification"of labor tools,the"Unmanned"of labor process,the"Multidimensional"of labor field and the"Non-boundary"of labor division.Human labor has changed from forced labor to interest-based labor,from repetitive labor to creative labor,from specialized labor to part-time labor,from labor for survival to labor for experience,from material labor to non-material labor.This change has further promoted the role of human-computer interaction in the labor division and collaboration network.The niche R&D labor organization based on interest has become the mainstream,and labor and leisure have moved from opposition to unity.