梯度与层级--基于淘宝镇的乡村电子商务空间发展特征

Gradient and Level:Research on Spatial Development Characteristics of Rural E-commerce Based on Taobao Towns

我国乡村电子商务格局的判断多基于村域电商数据形成,对于镇域电商关注较少。文章从镇村相对数量关系出发将淘宝镇分为三类,对应不同的镇域电子商务发育状况;剖析各类淘宝镇的空间格局,呈现乡村电子商务的地域分布梯度和载体层级差异,更加全面地揭示乡村电子商务的发展特征。研究发现:反映镇村两级都有较强电子商务发展潜力的"村强—镇强"型淘宝镇高度聚集于东部地区;反映村域电商发展相对滞后、而镇域电商整体发展较好的"无村—镇强"型淘宝镇分布范围最广,分布的梯度差异进一步缩小;"村弱—镇强"型淘宝镇分布广度与集聚强度均处于前两类淘宝镇之间。四大板块间乡村电子商务的发展载体存在明显差异,乡、镇层级在中西部和东北地区电子商务发展过程中展现出重要价值。基于不同类型淘宝镇的数量和构成特征,将省域乡村电子商务产业发展状况划为五个梯队,以浙江省为中心、"T"字型开发轴与京广线相叠加的乡村新经济发展结构逐渐浮现。

Current researches on the pattern analysis of the rural e-commerce in China are on the basis of village-level ecommerce,less attention is paid to the town-level. According to the relative quantitative relationship between towns and villages,the article divides Taobao towns into three categories,which represents different rural e-commerce development conditions. It studies the spatial pattern of various Taobao towns, showing the regional distribution gradient and carrier level difference of rural e-commerce industry development. The article reveals the regional differences of new bottom-up urbanization from two aspects of regional distribution and development carriers. It is found that: The Taobao towns of "strong village-strong town" which reflect the strong potential of e-commerce development at both the town and village levels are highly concentrated in the eastern region. The Taobao towns of "void village-strong town" which reflect the situation of limit development of villages but powerful towns have the widest distribution scope,with a further narrowing trend in the gradient difference of distribution. The distribution breadth and concentration intensity of the Taobao towns with "weak village-strong town" are at the medium level comparing with two types of Taobao towns above, and the gradient distribution pattern gradually emerges. The differences of rural e-commerce level among four regions are obvious. The importance of townships in the development of e-commerce in central, western and northeast China is reflected. Based on the amount and constituent characteristics of three types of Taobao towns, rural e-commerce development are divided into five echelons. The rural new economy development structure gradually emerges, which takes Zhejiang Province as the center and shows the superimposed characteristics of T-shaped development axis and Beijing-Guangzhou line.