中国粮食生产功能区农业环境效率及其改进程度--基于FDH方法的经济和人力资本空间异质性检验

Spatial Differences and Improvement of Agricultural Environmental Efficiency in China’s Functional Zones of Grain Production:The Test of Economy and Human Capital Space Heterogeneity Based on FDH Method

基于自由处置赫尔(FDH)技术方法,综合考虑环境因素和社会经济空间异质性,运用SFA技术构建农业环境效率测算模型,考察了2001—2019年我国3大粮食生产功能区农业环境效率及其改进状况。结果显示,经济和人力资本空间溢出效应下农业环境效率均值分别为0.846和0.843,各省(区)农业环境效率呈现显著的正向空间相关性,普遍能够从经济和人力资本空间溢出效应中获得1%~20%不等的改进程度,而又以经济空间溢出效应作用更强;在经济和人力资本空间溢出效应作用下,主产区和平衡区虽然获得较高的农业环境效率值,但效率改进程度仅维持在2%左右,而主销区虽然农业环境效率较低,却能够获得超过20%水平的效率改进。然而,各功能区无论是农业环境效率值还是效率改进程度,在空间上存在显著的差异且在时间上呈现明显下降趋势。

Based on the free disposal hull(FDH) technology and SFA technology,the model of measuring agricultural environmental efficiency is established to investigate the values of agricultural environmental efficiency and its improvement in functional zones of grain production from 2001 to 2019, comprehensively considering environmental factors and socio-economic spatial heterogeneity. The results are shown that the average values of agricultural environment efficiency are 0.81 and 0.83 respectively from the perspectives of the spatial spillover effect of economy and human capital, and the agricultural environmental efficiencies show a significant positive spatial correlation in all provinces and can be improved by 1% to 20% from the spatial spillover effect of economy and human capital, but economic spatial spillover effect is stronger. Under the spatial spillover effect of economy and human capital, the main producing zone and the balanced zone gain higher values of agricultural environmental efficiency, but the efficiency improvement degree is only maintained at about 2%. The main sales zone gains lower values of agricultural environmental efficiency,but the improvements of efficiency can be achieved more than 20%. However,both the values of agricultural environmental efficiency and degree of efficiency improvement are significantly different in space and show a significant downward trend in time series in each functional zone.