4Corcoran T F A Mosher, A Rogat. Learning Progressions in Science: An Evidence-Based Approach to Reform [R]. Philadelphi: Consortitum for Policy Research in Education, 2009.
5National Research Council [NRC]. Taking Scienee to School : Learning and Teaching Science in Grades K-8 [M].Washington: National Academies Press, 2007.
6Duncan R G, C E Hmelo-Silver. Learning Progressions: Aligning Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment [J].Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2009, 46 (6) 606-609.
7National Research Council [ NRC]. Knonwing What Students Know: the Science and Design of Educational Assessment [M]. Washington: National Academies Press, 2001: 297-304.
8Kennedy C A, et al. Using Progress Variables and Embedded Assessment to Improve Teaching and Learning[R]. Montreal: the Annual Meeting of the American Education Research Association, 2005: 1-53.
9Kennedy C A, M Wilson. Using Progress Variables to Interpret Student Achievement and Progress [R]. BEAR Technical Report. Berkeley: Berkeley Evaluation & Assessment Research ( BEAR ) Center, 2007: 1-53.
10Clasesgens J. et al. Perspective of a Chemist: A Framework to Promote Conceptual Understanding of Chemistry [R]. New Orleans: the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 2002: 1-26.