地方小吃空间扩散格局与模式——基于中国四大知名地方小吃POI数据的研究

Spatial Diffusion Pattern and Mode of Local Snacks:Based on POI Data of Four Famous Local Snacks in China

以中国四大知名地方小吃门店兴趣点(POI)大数据为主要数据源,基于密度、距离与加权平均中心方法分析地方小吃空间集聚与扩散格局,采用空间自相关、聚类和异常值分析以及热点分析方法研究地方小吃空间集聚关联特征以及空间扩散模式。结果表明:①地方小吃在不同尺度上的空间扩散格局存在显著差异,东部地区和中西部省会城市是地方小吃的主要集聚地;②地方小吃的空间集聚表现出自相关特征,邻域扩散、等级扩散和跳跃式扩散等扩散模式相互融合;③地方小吃空间扩散的冷热点集聚区分异明显,反映出不同小吃认可群体范围的差异以及中国各地饮食习惯的空间分异;④饮食文化扩散与人口迁移扩散具有空间重合性,经济发展水平较高、人口净流入地区对不同饮食文化的包容性较强。

The spatial gathering and diffusion of local snacks is the main content of spatial communication of catering culture, and also an important performance of population migration and regional cultural exchange.Taking the four famous local snacks in China as the analyzing examples, this paper analyzes the spatial agglomeration and diffusion pattern of local snacks based on the density, distance and weighted average center method, taking the POI of snack stores as the main data source. Then, the spatial autocorrelation, clustering,outlier analysis and hot spot analysis are used to study the spatial correlation characteristics and spatial diffusion model of local snack clusters. The results show that: 1) There are significant differences in the spatial diffusion pattern of local snacks on different scales. The eastern region and the central and western capital cities are the main gathering places of local snacks. 2) The spatial agglomeration of local snacks shows positive spatial autocorrelation. The spatial diffusion model has the characteristics of neighborhood diffusion, grade diffusion and jump diffusion. 3) There are obvious differences in the cold and hot spots of spatial diffusion of different kinds of local snacks, reflecting the differences in the scope of different snack recognition groups and the spatial differences in the eating habits of different parts of China. 4) The diffusion of food culture and population migration and diffusion have space coincidence. The areas with higher economic development level and net population inflow have stronger inclusiveness to different food culture. The areas with large population have more abundant demand for food consumption, and the distribution density of various snacks and fast food stores is higher. In the eastern coastal areas and the capital cities with large population, the proportion of floating population is relatively high. Local snacks not only maintain the livelihood of snack practitioners, but also meet the consumption needs of a large number of floating population with different eating habits.