室内空气中有机紫外防晒剂的检测及其污染特征

Identifications and characteristics of organic ultraviolet filters in indoor air

[背景]有机紫外防晒剂被广泛用于个人护理品中。前期研究发现室内灰尘中可检出有机紫外防晒剂。[目的]采用热脱附-气相色谱质谱联用技术检测不同室内空气中的有机紫外防晒剂,揭示室内空气有机紫外防晒剂的污染状况和特征。[方法]于2020年8—11月在上海交通大学闵行校区及周边8种不同室内环境(男生寝室、女生寝室、办公室、实验室、理发店、打印店、宾馆、私家车)共60个点位采集空气样本。利用热脱附-气相色谱质谱联用技术检测不同室内空气中6种常见有机紫外防晒剂浓度,包括3,3,5-三甲基环己烷水杨酸酯(HMS)、水杨酸乙基己酯(EHS)、3-(4-甲基苄烯)-樟脑(4-MBC)、p-甲氧基肉桂酸异戊酯(IMC)、氰酸苯丙基烯酸辛酯(OC)、4-甲氧基肉桂酸-2-乙基己酯(EHMC),并分析有机紫外防晒剂的相关性。[结果]在研究设定的检测条件下,6种有机紫外防晒剂的定量标准曲线相关系数均为0.997及以上。1 mg·L^(-1)样品的相对标准偏差在1.74%~7.11%之间,回收率在67.17%~106.50%之间;10 mg·L^(-1)样品的相对标准偏差在3.59%~8.76%,回收率在78.80%~126.60%。除IMC未检出以外,其余5种有机紫外防晒剂在8种室内环境空气中检出率均大于等于92%。总有机紫外防晒剂中位质量浓度为75.17 ng·m^(-3),其中EHS最高,为28.55 ng·m^(-3)。不同室内环境中,女生寝室的室内空气中总有机紫外防晒剂的平均质量浓度最高,为154.98 ng·m^(-3)。相关性分析结果显示,HMS、EHMC、OC与EHS呈不同程度的相关性(r=0.40~0.61,P<0.01)。[结论]热脱附-气相色谱质谱联用技术适用于室内空气中有机紫外防晒剂的检测分析;EHS、EHMC、HMS、OC、4-MBC在8种室内环境空气中均被检出,且其污染来源有一定同源性。

[Background]Organic ultraviolet(UV)filters are widely used in personal care products.So far,relevant studies on organic UV filters in indoor dust have been reported.[Objective]This study aims to establish a thermal desorption combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GCMS)method to identify organic UV filters in indoor air collected from different indoor environments,so as to reveal the pollution levels and characteristics of organic UV filters in indoor environment.[Methods]Based on the standard indoor air sampling protocol,a total of 60 samples were collected from eight different kinds of indoor environments(male and female dormitory rooms,offices,labs,barber shops,printing shops,hotels,and private cars)on and nearby Minhang Campus of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from August to November,2020.The concentrations of six common organic UV filters,including homosalate(HMS),2-ethylhexyl salicylate(EHS),3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor(4-MBC),isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate(IMC),octocrylene(OC),and octyl 4-methoxycinnamate(EHMC),in the air of different indoor environments were detected by TD-GCMS.Furthermore,the correlations of individual organic UV filters in different indoor environments were analysed.[Results]Under optimized detection conditions,the correlation coefficients of the quantitative standard curves of selected six organic UV filters were all at or above 0.997.The relative standard deviations of 1 mg·L^(-3) samples ranged from 1.74%to 7.11%,and the recoveries ranged from 67.17%to 106.5%.The relative standard deviations of 10 mg·L^(-3) samples ranged from 3.59%to 8.76%,and the recoveries ranged from 78.80%to 126.60%.The detection rates of the other five organic UV filters except IMC were all at or more than 92%in eight different kinds of indoor air.The median concentration of total organic UV filters was 75.17 ng·m^(-3),and EHS presented the highest median concentration of 28.55 ng·m^(-3).Regarding different indoor environments,the highest concentration of total organic UV filters was found in the female dormitory samples,154.98 ng·m^(-3).The respective pair-analysis among HMS,EHMC,OC,and EHS of all indoor air samples reached a significant level of correlation(r=0.40-0.61,P<0.01).