中国省域生态效率时空格局变化及优化策略研究

Spatio-temporal Pattern Changes and Optimal Strategies of Provincial Ecological Efficiency in China

为了深入研究不同区域生态效率的优化路径,采用Malmquist-超效率SBM模型测度了2005—2016年中国省域生态效率和Malmquist指数及其构成,并结合要素投入产出松弛率分析探讨了效率低效成因,再运用空间自相关方法揭示了区域生态效率空间关联格局的时空动态特征,最后提出了相应的区域生态效率改进策略。结果表明:(1)区域生态效率整体呈现“东部>中部>西部”的梯度分布格局;随时间推移,除北京、上海、湖南和重庆外,绝大多数省(市)生态效率整体呈下降趋势。(2)从Malmquist指数分解情况看,技术效率变化和技术进步变化对区域生态效率整体提升作用不明显。但四川、云南、青海、新疆4个西部区域省市的技术效率变化对生态效率具有明显的正向效应;且北京、贵州的技术效率进步和技术进步均对生态效率有正向效应。(3)从投入产出要素冗余度看,生态效率低下是由于劳动力、能源、土地和水资源投入冗余以及非期望产出过量,其情况在西部最为严重,中部次之,东部最小。(4)区域生态效率呈现明显的空间正相关性,其空间关联格局随时间推移整体较为稳定,但存在局部变化。各省市投入产出要素存在不同方面和程度的改进空间,可以从加强管理与科技创新、优化投入产出结构、分区协同治理等方面出发,优化区域生态效率。

In order to explore the optimization of regional ecological efficiency,the Malmquist-super-efficiency SBM model was used to measure Chinese provincial ecological efficiency from 2005 to 2016.Then,the composition of the regional ecological efficiency and causes of inefficiency were measured by Malmquist index and the factor of input-output relaxation rate respectively.In addition,the spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics of regional ecological efficiency were explored by the Spatial Autocorrelation Methods.Finally,the corresponding regional ecological efficiency optimal strategies were put forward based on aforementioned analysis.The results showed that:(1)the regional ecological efficiency of all studied areas presented a gradient distribution pattern of‘East>Central>West’;and expect Beijing,Shanghai,Hunan and Chongqing,the ecological efficiency of most provinces and cities had shown a downward trend over years.(2)results of the decomposition of Malmquist index indicated that changes in technical efficiency and technological progress had little effects on regional ecological efficiency at most of provinces and cities,but changes in technical efficiency of four provinces in the western region had a positive effect on ecological efficiency,they are Sichuan,Yunnan,Qinghai and Xinjiang,at meanwhile,the changes in technological progress and technological efficiency both had a positive effect on ecological efficiency in Beijing and Guizhou.(3)the low ecological efficiency were ascribed to the contrasting redundancy rate of each factors including labor,energy,land and water resources,and excessive undesired output,and it is most serious in West,followed by Central and East.(4)the regional ecological efficiency presented an obvious spatial positive correlation,and its spatial correlation pattern was relatively stable over time,but there were some noticeable changes at local scale.There were different aspects and degrees of improvement of input-output factors in different provinces and cities,and the regional ecological efficiency could be promoted by strengthening management and technological innovation,optimizing the input-output structure,and coordinated regional governance.