热区某海军陆战队野外驻训期间膳食营养及认知功能调查

Dietary nutrition and cognitive function in a navy unit stationed in a hot area during training

目的了解驻海南某海军陆战队野外驻训期间的膳食营养状况并对认知功能进行评价,为指导热区部队合理膳食提供依据。方法分别采用记账法调查官兵2020年7-8月驻训期间的膳食,24 h生活观察法调查官兵每日能量消耗,通过计算体质指数(BMI)调查官兵体格状况;采用问卷调查了解官兵常见营养缺乏症状以及伙食供应情况,通过蒙特利尔认知评价量表进行认知功能评价。结果被调查官兵能量摄入与能量消耗基本平衡,但脂肪供能比过高,碳水化合物供能比过低;粮食、蔬菜、畜肉、鱼虾、大豆、菌菇和牛奶摄入不足,禽肉、水果和植物油摄入过量;维生素B_(1)、B_(2)、锌摄入不足,维生素A、C、E、D、磷、碘、硒、铁摄入过量;官兵平均BMI 21.9±1.8,合格率89.3%;自诉营养缺乏症中肌无力、口腔和舌溃疡发生比例较高;认知功能评价平均(24.85±2.94)分,合格率55%。结论该部队驻训期间食物供应种类丰富,能量摄入达标,但膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不均衡,官兵认知功能评估分值偏低;建议优化膳食结构,改善饮食习惯,适当服用营养补充剂,以促进官兵身体健康、维护作业能力。

Objective To investigate the dietary nutrition and cognitive function of marines during field training in Hainan in order to provide proper guidance for diets of troops stationed in hot areas.Methods A one-month dietary survey was carried out(from July to August)using the accounting method.The daily energy consumption was measured with a24-hour observation method.Physical condition was measured by body mass index(BMI).Common nutritional deficiency symptoms and suggestions on food supply were investigated through questionnaires.Cognitive function was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Evaluation Scale(MCES).Results Their energy intakes basically met the needs of consumption,but the energy supply of fat was excessive,while that of carbohydrates was too low.The intakes of grain,vegetables,meat,fish,shrimp,soybean,mushroom and milk were insufficient,while the intakes of poultry,fruits and oil were excessive.The intakes of vitamins B_(1),B_(2)and zinc were insufficient,while the intakes of vitamins A,C,E and D,phosphorus,iodine,selenium and iron exceeded the military standard.The average BMI was 21.9±1.8 and the pass rate was 89.3%.Symptoms of nutritional deficiency,such as muscle weakness and mouth and tongue ulcers,occured at a higher rate.The average score of MCES was 24.85±2.94,and the pass rate was only 55%.Conclusion During training,the troops can enjoy adequate supplies of foods,and their energy intakes reach the standard.The downside is that the dietary structure and nutrient intakes are not balanced and the cognitive function score is low.It is necessary to optimize the dietary structure,improve the dietary habits and take proper nutritional supplements to promote the health and work capacity of marines.