不同时期喷硒对‘本地早’柑橘养分吸收和果实品质的影响

Effects of spraying selenium at different stages on nutrient absorption and fruit quality of ‘Bendizao’ citrus

为研究不同时期喷硒对柑橘硒含量及果实品质的影响,以15年生‘本地早’柑橘为研究对象,分别在幼果期、果实膨大期和着色期叶面喷施200 mg/L亚硒酸钠溶液,分析柑橘成熟期叶片与果实硒含量、其他养分含量以及果实品质。结果表明:果实着色期之前喷硒均可增加叶片、果实的总硒含量;喷硒时间越早,硒的有机化比例越高,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性较高,丙二醛含量较低;喷硒可促进柑橘对全氮、全钾的吸收,抑制对全磷、全钙、全镁的吸收;幼果期喷硒的果皮较薄,酸含量较低,而可溶性固形物、总糖、维生素C含量较高。说明叶面喷硒通过增加柑橘硒含量,影响养分的吸收平衡,提高果实的抗氧化能力,进而改善果实品质,其中以果实幼果期叶面喷硒的综合效果最佳。

The effects of spraying selenium(Se) at different stages on Se contents and fruit quality of citrus were studied to provide basic data for rational Se application. A foliar spray of 200 mg/L sodium selenite solution was applied to 15 years’ ‘Bendizao’ mandarin(Citrus succosa Hort. Ex Tanaka) at the young fruit stage, fruit expansion stage and fruit coloring stage, respectively. Leaf and fruit samples were collected at the maturing stage to detect Se contents, organic degree of Se, other nutrient contents and fruit quality. The result showed that spraying Se before the fruit coloring stage increased total Se contents in the leaves and fruits. Se organic proportion of fruit decreased with the delay of Se spraying date. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase under the spraying Se treatments were higher, but the content of malondialdehyde was lower. Se promoted the absorption of total nitrogen and total potassium, but inhibited the absorption of total phosphorus,total calcium and total magnesium. The fruit peel was thinner, the content of total acid was lower, and the contents of soluble solid, total sugar and vitamin C were higher by spraying Se at the young fruit stage. In conclusion, foliar spraying Se can improve the fruit quality by increasing the Se contents and affecting the balance of nutrient absorption, thus improving the antioxidant capacity and the quality of citrus fruits. The comprehensive effect of foliar spraying Se at the fruit young stage is the best.