超越“外在实在论”和“内在主体论”的马克思自然观阐释

Interpretation of Marx’s View of Nature beyond External Realism and Internal Subjectivism

习近平提出“人与自然是生命共同体”。这一理念可以从马克思自然观找到理论基础。回到马克思自然观,深入挖掘马克思自然观的真实内涵,焕发其当代价值,这具有重要的理论和现实价值。超越马克思自然观的外在实在论和内在主体论理解,立足马克思生活世界视野,从存在论出发诠释马克思自然观,是破解马克思自然观前提性误读的关键。超越自然中心主义或人类中心主义的二元分立观念,马克思主张人与自然是过程性的有机体关系,是交互能动的生命体关系,在人类社会状态中人和自然达到真正和解。

Xi Jinping put forward that man and nature are a community of life.This idea develops theoretically from Marx’s view of nature.Returning to Marx’s view of nature,digging deeply into its true connotation,and clarifying its contemporary value are theoretically and practically important.However,there are two main kinds of understandings on Marx’s view of nature,namely external realism and internal subjectivism.To transcend these two understandings,we need to go back to the perspective of Marx’s lifeworld.Interpreting Marx’s view of nature from existentialism is a prerequisite key.Going beyond the dualistic separation of naturalism or anthropocentrism,Marx advocated that the relationship between man and nature is organic.As agencies,they are interactive and dynamic.Finally,man and nature achieve true reconciliation in the state of human society.