不同血型系统胎儿或新生儿溶血病的特点

Characteristics of neonatal hemolytic disease in different blood group systems

胎儿或新生儿溶血病(hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDFN)主要由于母婴血型不合引起,30余个血型系统均可导致HDFN的发生。同一血型系统甚至同一抗体所致的HDFN严重程度也不相同,所以,HDFN的发生及临床表现不仅与血型系统有关,还与其他因素有关。本综述首次对不同血型系统所致的HDFN的特点进行了总结,并分析了可能影响HDFN严重程度的其他因素。

The clinical manifestations of fetal or neonatal hemolytic disease(HDFN) caused by maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility are jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia. The symptoms of HDFN caused by different blood group systems are different. Mild neonatal progressed slowly and recovered well, severe neonatal progressed rapidly and even developed bilirubin encephalopathy or death. Among all blood group systems, the incidence of ABO-HDFN is highest but the ABO-HDFN neonatal has a mild degree of hemolysis, the incidence of Rh-HDFN is the second and neonatal has a severe hemolysis, HDFNs of other blood systems(such as MNS, Lewis, Duffy, etc.) are rare. In addition, the clinical manifestations of HDFN caused by the same blood group system are also different. Therefore, the severity of HDFN is not only related to the blood group system, but also to other factors.