基本公共服务能有效提升脱贫质量吗?——基于多维贫困和多维贫困脆弱性的视角

Can Basic Public Services Effectively Improve the Quality of Poverty Alleviation?——Based on the Perspective of Multidimensional Poverty and the Vulnerability of Multidimensional Poverty

有效提升脱贫质量是"十四五"时期巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,实现稳定可持续脱贫的关键。利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,本文从多维贫困和多维贫困脆弱性的视角衡量脱贫质量,分析基本公共服务减缓家庭多维贫困及多维贫困脆弱性进而影响脱贫质量的作用机制。研究发现基本公共服务能够显著降低家庭发生多维贫困与多维贫困脆弱性的概率,因此可以有效提升脱贫质量。机制分析表明,能力提升与不确定性风险冲击缓解是基本公共服务提升脱贫质量的重要传导机制。进一步研究发现基本公共服务对多维贫困高分位点家庭的脱贫质量提升效应更大,起到安全网作用。基本公共服务将显著降低家庭由于协同性风险冲击导致多维贫困脆弱性的概率,且在农村发挥的作用相较于城市更突出。文章结论为巩固脱贫攻坚成果,提升脱贫质量提供了可靠的政策依据。

Effectively improving the quality of poverty alleviation is the key to consolidating and expanding the achievement of poverty alleviation and realizing stable and sustainable poverty alleviation during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS),this paper measures the quality of poverty alleviation from the perspective of multidimensional poverty and multidimensional poverty vulnerability,and analyzes the mechanism by which basic public services reduce household multidimensional poverty and multidimensional poverty vulnerability and then affect the quality of poverty alleviation.It is found that basic public services can significantly reduce the probability of multidimensional poverty and multidimensional poverty vulnerability in households,thus effectively improving the quality of poverty alleviation.Mechanism analysis shows that capacity improvement and uncertainty risk impact mitigation are important transmission mechanisms for basic public services to improve poverty alleviation quality.Further studies have found that basic public services have a greater improvement in the quality of poverty alleviation for families with high multidimensional poverty scores,playing a role of safety net.Basic public services will significantly reduce the probability of households’ multidimensional poverty vulnerability due to synergistic risk shocks and play a more prominent role in rural areas than in cities.The conclusion of this paper provides a reliable policy basis for consolidating the achievement of poverty alleviation and improving the quality of poverty alleviation.