市场与政府:美国实际与中国选择

Market and Government:American Reality and Chinese Choice

市场与政府的关系到底是二元对立抑或互补平衡?西方学界内部对之一直存在较大的分歧。本文以宏观政策为主线,通过解构中美两国经济崛起的历史,探讨市场与政府的关系。研究表明,美国政府在经济重塑、危机应对等方面,都发挥了主导作用;美国在布雷顿森林体系建立之后,才真正意义上实行了贸易自由;即使是后里根时代,政府在经济发展中的作用也是不可或缺的;微观上的"自由"和宏观上的干预,贯穿了美国经济从崛起到强盛的全过程。从中国改革开放的实践来看,中国政府是以市场化改革为取向推进经济体制改革,以问题为导向推进包容性政策设计和制度安排,不断调整自身角色和作用方式,探索出了一条"有为政府+有效市场"交互作用、相辅相成的中国特色社会主义市场经济发展模式,政府与市场的关系是动态互动平衡系统。

Is the relationship between market and government a dichotomy or a complementary balance?There has been a wide divergence of views within the Western academia on this issue.This paper explores the relationship between market and government by deconstructing the history of the economic rise of China and the United States with macro policy as the main line.Studies show that the U.S.government has played a leading role in economic reshaping,crisis response,etc..The U.S.was truly free to trade only after the Bretton Woods system established.Even in the post-Reaganera,the government’s role in economic development was indispensable.The"freedom"on the micro level and the intervention on the macro level run through the whole process of the American economy from rising to prosperity.From the practice of China’s reform and opening up,the Chinese government has promoted economic system reform with market-oriented reforms,promoted inclusive policy design and institutional arrangements with a problem-oriented approach,continuously adjusted its role and mode of functioning,and explored a development model of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics,which is supported by effective government and efficient market interaction and complement.The relationship between government and market is a dynamic interactive balance system.