常见肝损伤动物模型构建和应用的研究状况

Research status of the construction and application of common liver injury animal models

肝是机体生物转化的最主要器官,对于维持机体的生命活动发挥着重要作用。因此肝损伤会对机体造成严重伤害,轻则引发脂肪肝,持续性加重将诱导肝纤维化和肝硬化,最终导致肝衰竭或肝癌,严重危及人体生命健康。对此,建立与临床肝损伤的病理生理过程及发病程度相似的动物模型对于更好地探究肝损伤患者的发病机制及临床治疗方法就具有十分重要的意义。本文作者对常见的酒精性肝损伤模型、药物性肝损伤模型(对乙酰氨基酚致肝损伤模型及异烟肼联合利福平致肝损伤模型)、化学类试剂诱导的肝损伤模型(四氯化碳致肝损伤模型,α-萘基异硫氰酸酯致肝损伤模型及硫代乙酰胺致肝损伤模型)、免疫类物质刀豆蛋白致肝损伤模型、缺血再灌注诱导肝损伤模型以及人源嵌合体小鼠肝损伤模型进行汇总,并对各类模型的造模方法、作用机制及优缺点进行系统地阐述,旨在为科研工作者探究保肝药物时,对模型的选择提供更确切的理论依据,希望能为临床肝损伤疾病的治疗提供新思路。

The liver is considered the main organ of biotransformation,which plays an important role in maintaining the life activities of the body. Therefore,liver injury can cause serious damage to the body,and at least cause fatty liver disease. Continued aggravation will induce liver fibrosis and cirrhosis,eventually leading to liver failure or liver cancer,which seriously endangers human life and health. In this regard,the establishment of animal models similar to the pathophysiological process and incidence of clinical liver injury is of great significance for better exploring the pathogenesis and clinical treatment methods of patients with liver injury. The author of this article summarizes common alcoholic liver injury models,drug-induced liver injury models( acetaminophen-induced liver injury models and isoniazid combined with rifampicin-induced liver injury models),chemical reagent-induced liver injury models( tetrachloro Carbon-induced liver injury model,α-naphthyl isothiocyanate-induced liver injury model and thioacetamide-induced liver injury model),immune substance concanavalin-induced liver injury model,ischemia-reperfusion induced liver injury model and human chimera mouse liver injury models. In addition,the modeling methods,mechanism of action,strengths and disadvantages of various models are systematically explained. It aims to provide scientific researchers with a more precise theoretical basis for the selection of models when exploring liver protection drugs,and hopes to provide new ideas for the treatment of clinical liver injury diseases.