脑-机交互运动训练的神经反馈方法及康复应用

Motor Training and its Rehabilitation Application Based on the Neurofeedback Methods of Brain-Computer Interaction

运动功能是人类存活、劳动及对外交流的必备功能,但常因疾病或意外而受损甚至丧失。脑卒中即是运动功能损伤的疾患典型,已成为我国乃至全世界成年人第一致残疾病。而传统康复训练难以诱导患者主动操控肢体的皮层-肌肉耦合,尤缺镜像神经元与神经可塑机制配合,导致康复效果受限。近年来,采用基于脑-机接口(BCI)等新兴人机交互技术的运动神经反馈训练(NFT)新方法,能使患者中枢神经信息量化可视与肢体运动真实可感,促进整体神经传导通路与运动功能全面按意愿主动修复与重建。通过综述脑-机交互运动训练的神经反馈基本原理,结合目前基于视觉、听觉、触觉、多感官融合的反馈训练方法以及临床应用,展望未来脑-机交互训练在多感官协调方面,调动患者自身能动性与外在辅助功能相结合的闭环可控、可调训练模式的发展。

Movement( or motor) is one of the most important forms of human survival, labour and communication with the outside world. However,some accidents or diseases can lead to the loss of partial or total motor functions of the human beings. Specifically,stroke has become the first major factor leading to the disability disease in China and the whole world. However,the conventional rehabilitation therapies are difficult to induce the synchronous coupling of corticomuscular function,especially the theoretical guidance of the mirror neuron system and neuroplasticity is lack,resulting in the limitation of the final rehabilitation effectiveness.Recently,the brain-computer interface( BCI) and/or other emerging human-machine technologies based on the neurofeedback training( NFT) method has emerged, which makes it quantitatively observable for the information of central nervous system and real-time perceptible for limb movement,thereby promoting functional reconstruction of the whole neural pathway and motor system. By summarizing the basic NFT principle of BCI training,combined with fusion and clinical application of current feedback training methods based on visual,auditory,tactile, and multi-sensory, it is expected that the future BCI training works in multi-sensory coordination and training mode becomes closed-loop controllable and adjustable based on the combination of initiative and external auxiliary function.