国际商事仲裁自治性强化背景下的弱势方保护——法国的经验及启示

The Protection of the Weak Party in the Context of the Improvement of the Autonomy of the International Commercial Arbitration—The French Experience and Enlightment

仲裁的自治性是仲裁存在和发展的前提,法国赋予了国际商事仲裁高度自治性,严格限制法院的审查范围和力度,但是弱势方的利益保护问题也亟待解决。为此法国法对仲裁协议的效力作出限制性规定,同时注重维护仲裁员公正性。此外法国允许市场力量的介入,向弱势方提供了应对仲裁风险的保险工具。中国在强化国际商事仲裁自治性的同时,也须考虑由此带来的仲裁弱势方保护问题,应首先界定法律给与特殊保护的对象范围,在此基础上制定配套性规则,在仲裁管辖权和仲裁员指定方面对弱势方作出倾斜性的规定,同时允许保险人开发争议解决保险服务,提高弱势方的抗风险能力。

The autonomy of the arbitration is the basis and the precondition of the arbitration.The French law accords the high autonomy to the international commercial arbitration in order to restraint the scope of the review of the tribunal.But the problem of the protection of the weak party should also be resolved.The French law imposes the restrictions on the validity of the arbitration clause and concentrates on the impartiality of the arbitrators.France also allows the intervention of the market power by providing the insurance tool in order to reduce the arbitration risk.China should take the protection of the weak party into consideration when it promotes the autonomy of the international commercial arbitration.It should at first clarify the norms of the parties which are specially protected by the law,and then China should make the rules concerning the competence and the nomination of the arbitrators,and introduce the insurance of the resolution the litigation in order to increase the resistance to the risk of the weak party.