柳州市2012-2018年新生儿低出生体重率变化趋势及影响因素分析

Recent trends and risk factors of low birth weight in Liuzhou from2012to 2018

目的分析2012-2018年柳州市新生儿低出生体重(LBW)发生率变化趋势及影响因素,为降低LBW的发生提供参考依据。方法对柳州市妇幼卫生信息管理系统收集的2012-2018年柳州市住院分娩394225例活产新生儿出生信息进行回顾性分析,用趋势χ2检验分析LBW发生率的时间变化趋势,用Logistic回归分析探讨LBW的危险因素。结果2012-2018年柳州市LBW发生率呈下降趋势,2018年(6.04%)比2014年的峰值(6.66%)下降了9.31%。40~55岁组母亲分娩LBW的风险比25~29岁组高84%,壮族母亲分娩LBW的风险比汉族母亲高4%,文化程度在小学及以下的母亲分娩LBW的风险比大学及以上的母亲高62%,非常住本市母亲分娩LBW的风险比常住本市母亲高99%,初产妇分娩LBW的风险比第2产母亲高56%。2012-2018年柳州市出生胎龄28~42周单胎新生儿SGA发生率为12.31%(早产SGA+足月SGA)。早产SGA新生儿都是LBW,早产AGA和足月SGA新生儿中LBW分别占47.95%、16.97%。结论2012-2018年柳州市LBW发生率呈下降趋势,但仍高于全国平均水平。LBW的发生受多因素影响,应针对相关危险因素采取预防和干预措施以降低LBW发生率。

Objective To describe and analyze the trends and risk factors of the incidence rate of low birth weight(LBW)infants,so as to provide evidence for reducing the incidence of LBW.Methods Birth data of 394225births born in Liuzhou between 2012and 2018were retrospectively analyzed.The χ^(2) test for trend was used to test the difference of LBW among years.Logistic regression model was adopted to identify significant risk factors associated with LBW.Results The incidence rate of LBW in Liuzhou from 2012to 2018was decreasing,with the highest and lowest incidence rates of 6.04%and 6.66%in the year 2014and 2018,respectively.The risk of LBW among mothers aged 40to 55years was 84%higher than that of the mothers aged 25to 29years.The risk of LBW among Zhuang mothers was 4%higher than that of Han mothers.The risk of LBW among mothers with education level of elementary school and below was 62%higher than that of mothers with bachelor degree or higher.The risk of LBW among non-resident mothers was 99%higher than that of resident mothers,and the risk of LBW among primiparous mothers was 56%higher than that of multiparous mothers.During the period 2012-2018,12.31%of the singleton births at 28-42weeks were SGA infants,including preterm SGA and term SGA.While all the preterm SGA infants were LBW,47.95%of preterm AGA and 16.97%of term SGA infants were LBW.Conclusions The incidence of LBW in Liuzhou shows a decreasing trend from 2012to 2018,but is higher than the national average level.The occurrence of LBW is influenced by multiple factors,and preventive and intervention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of LBW by targeting relevant risk factors.