矿物及废灰渣合成Na-X分子筛研究进展

Research Progress of Zeolite Na-X Synthesis from Minerals and Waste Residues

多孔Na-X分子筛比表面积大,离子交换能力强,常被应用于废水处理、气体吸附分离等领域,通常由硅、铝无机盐原料合成得到。粉煤灰、煤矸石、高岭土、油页岩、稻壳灰、甘蔗渣等矿物及废渣含有高含量的硅、铝元素,经过预处理可用于合成Na-X分子筛。本文综述了多种天然矿物和工业固体废料的组成及合成Na-X分子筛的最新研究进展,讨论了不同矿物和固体废料合成Na-X的活化工艺、晶化动力学及机理,重点分析了合成条件对矿物和固体废料合成Na-X的影响,包括硅铝比、晶化温度、晶化时间、阴阳离子、水硅比、碱灰比、超声条件和有机添加剂的影响。

Porous zeolite Na-X with larger specific surface area and more ion-exchange capacity is usually applied in wastewater treatment,adsorption and separation of gases,and so on.It is traditionally prepared from the Si and Al-containing inorganic salts.Many minerals and solid waste residues such as coal fly ash,coal gangue,kaolin,oil shale,rice husk ash and bagasse which contain high concentration of Si and Al element can be used for the zeolite Na-X synthesis after pretreatment.The compositions of minerals and solid wastes,as well as the research progress of the synthesis of zeolite Na-X were reviewed,and the pretreatment processes,crystallization kinetics and crystallization mechanism were discussed.Moreover,the effects of synthesis conditions including SiO;/Al;O;ratio,crystallization temperature and time,anions and cations,H;O/SiO;ratio,alkali/ash ratio,ultrasonic treatment,and organic additive on the synthesis of zeolite Na-X from minerals and solid wastes were analyzed.