河南省部分地区育龄妇女三胎生育意愿及影响因素研究

An ecological study of the willingness to have the third child and its influencing factors among women of childbearing age in Henan Province

目的了解河南省部分地区育龄妇女三胎生育意愿,并探讨与三胎生育意愿相关的影响因素。方法采用立意抽样法,选取2019年6—12月在河南省三家妇幼保健院(许昌、鹤壁、濮阳)分娩的577例生育二胎育龄妇女进行问卷调查,因三胎生育意愿中不确定者所占比例较少,故本研究不计入统计分析,最后共547例纳入统计分析。妇女年龄为19~46岁,其中本地户籍532例,外地户籍45例;采用描述性方法,分析目标育龄妇女年龄、家庭月收入和现有孩子等基本特征;采用χ^(2)检验进行不同基本特征育龄妇女三胎生育意愿比较;采用二元Logistic回归模型分析三胎生育意愿的影响因素。结果在被调查的育龄妇女中,具有三胎生育意愿的比例为49.6%。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,外地户籍育龄妇女三胎生育意愿高于本地户籍妇女(OR=2.74,95%CI:1.36~5.51);中高收入育龄妇女三胎生育意愿高于低收入育龄妇女(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.20~2.41);与现有子女一男一女家庭(324例)相比,两男孩家庭(116例)三胎生育意愿是一男一女的2.22倍(95%CI:1.42~3.46),两女孩家庭(107例)的三胎生育意愿是一男一女家庭的1.80倍(95%CI:1.14~2.82)。结论河南省部分地区被调查育龄妇女的三胎生育意愿较强,户籍、家庭人均月收入和现有子女性别是育龄妇女三胎生育意愿的影响因素,建议政府制定相关辅助措施,实现育龄妇女的三胎生育意愿。

Objective To evaluate the willingness to have the third child(WTH3^(rd)C)among the women of childbearing age in Henan Province,and to explore its influencing factors.MethodsA purposive sampling method was used to select 577 women of childbearing age,who had two children,from three Maternal and Child Health Hospitals(Xuchang,Hebi,Puyang)in Henan Province from June to December,2019.Since the non-response rate was low,the missing values were excluded from the statistical analysis.Finally,547 cases were included.Age of the surveyed women was ranged from 19 to 46 years old.Of them,532 were permanent resident.Summary statistics of maternal age,family income,and characteristics of children are presented.Chi-square tests were utilized to compare the WTH3^(rd)C between different subgroups.The WTH3^(rd)C was associated to influencing factors by Logistic regressions.Results49.6%of the surveyed women would like to have the third child.According to multivariate Logistic regressions,temporary residency was positively associated to high WTH3^(rd)C(OR=2.74,95%CI:1.36~5.51);compared to the low-income subgroup,the middle and high-income subgroup had a higher WTH3^(rd)C(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.20~2.41);Compared to the mothers of a son and a daughter,the WTH3^(rd)C was higher among mothers of two sons(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.42~3.46)or two daughters(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.14~2.82).ConclusionWomen of childbearing age in Henan had a high level of WTH3^(rd)C.Residency,per household income,and sex ratio of previous children were factors significantly influencingWTH3^(rd)C.Relevant policies should be considered by local government to further improve the WTH3^(rd)C in Henan.