个人数据侵权法律适用的先决问题与本问题

Preliminary and Fundamental Problems on the Application of Personal Data Infringement Laws

个人数据与个人信息二者概念看似等同,实则内涵不尽相同。凡是能单独或者与其他数据结合后识别出自然人数据的就是个人数据。个人数据权不仅具有人格权属性同时也具有财产权属性,我们应当同时给予其人格利益和财产利益保护。个人数据是更类似智力成果一般的无体物,仅依靠传统方法判断侵权行为可能无法精准判断。被侵权人对于侵权人身份收集的困难、对其被侵害事实认知的滞后导致被侵权人很难像侵权人那样真正平等参与诉讼。赋予被侵权人特殊选择权,使被侵权人尽可能在被侵权后得到救济的机会是法律的应有之意。我们可以借鉴弱者权益保护原则,创建专门冲突规范。

Personal data and personal information seem equivalent,but their connotations are distinct.Since personal information is expressed through data,the connotation of personal data must exhibit the characteristics of personal information.Any data that can identify a natural person alone or in combination with other data is personal data.Personal data rights not only have the attribute of personality rights but also of property rights,and their personal interests and property interests should be protected at the same time.Personal data is intangible,more similar to intellectual achievement,and it may not be possible to accurately judge the infringement by relying only on traditional methods.The difficulty of the infringed in collecting the identity of the infringer and the lag in awareness of the fact of the infringement make it difficult for the infringed to participate in the litigation on an equal footing like the infringer.It is the proper intention of law to give the infringed a special right of choice and to enable them to obtain relief as much as possible.The principle of protecting the rights and interests of the weak should be draw on and conflict norms can be established.