扬名之重与传世之轻——论明人文集中的科举文体

The Importance of Fame and the Lightness of Passing Down——On the Imperial Examination Style in the Literary Works of the Ming Scholars

明代科举对士人生活影响甚大,科场文字进入士人文集是必然之事。考察明人文集中科举文体的存在状况,有利于理解科举与文学的互动关系。会试之榜首——会元作为科举和文化精英,其文集具有典型意义。在现存明代会元别集中,八股制义近乎绝迹,可见明人并不认为这一文体具有传世价值;策论一般作为彰显身份的表示,殿试策尤其如此;馆课乃是特定环境下的职业性写作,比较特殊。科举文体在文集中的存在状况说明,它们在士人的文学观念中并不处于较高的价值层次。

The imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty had a great impact on the life of scholars,and it was inevitable for the imperial examination texts to be included into the collection of their works.Investigating the literary style of the imperial examination texts is conducive to understanding the interactive relationship between the imperial examination and literature.As Huiyuan (a title referring to the first place winner of the central imperial examination) is a member of the cultural elite,so their anthologies would have typical significance.In the existing collections of Huiyuan’s works of the Ming Dynasty,the "eight-part essay" almost disappeared,showing that the Ming people do not think this literary style is important enough to be passed down;the discourse on politics is generally used as an expression of identity,especially in the final imperial examination;and the imperial academy course is in fact professional writing in a specific environment and is thus a special case.The status of imperial examination style in the anthologies of Ming scholars shows that it does not have a high value level in the literary concept of the scholars.