开启“奥弗顿之窗”:美国桑德斯竞选运动的四个政治遗产

Opening the“Overton Window”:Four Political Legacies of the Sanders Campaign in the United States

桑德斯竞选运动反映了2008年金融危机爆发后西方世界争取激进变革的新生群众运动对经济不平等现象蔓延的不满情绪,是“占领华尔街”运动爆发之后扭转经济不平等核心诉求重新进入美国政治议程的选举体现。通过重塑政治话语,桑德斯竞选运动成功推动“社会主义”从美国社会中的负面政治标签变成时代思潮,促使左翼政策纲领从边缘主张变成主流议题,激发了年轻人和激进左翼的选举热情,并唤醒了工人的阶级意识,催生美国激进左翼选举联合的可能性,其政治遗产对美国“民主社会主义”的进一步发展发挥了关键的助推作用,并深刻影响了民主党和激进左翼的政策取向和选举策略,将为若干年后“另一个桑德斯”的选举成功开启了“奥弗顿之窗”。桑德斯竞选运动是“占领华尔街”运动爆发之后美国激进左翼政治的重大进展,虽然较难引发美国政治机制的革命性变化,但却可以从推动形成和实施左翼政策纲领的层面促进美国国内政治领域的改良。

The Sanders campaign reflected the anger coming from the nascent mass movement for radical changes in the Western world at the spreading economic inequality after the 2008 financial crisis.It is an electoral manifestation of the resurgence of the core demands of reversing economic inequality into the American political agenda after the outbreak of the“Occupy Wall Street”movement.Through its efforts to reshape political discourse,the Sanders campaign has successfully promoted“socialism”from“political slur”to zeitgeist,pushed left-wing policy programs from the marginal proposition to the mainstream issue,inspired electoral enthusiasm among young people and the radical left,and awakened the class consciousness of the workers.Giving birth to the possibility of electoral union of the radical left in the United States,its political legacy played a key role in promoting the further development of“democratic socialism”in the United States,and profoundly influenced the policy orientation or electoral strategies of the Democratic Party and the radical left.It may have opened the“Overton Window”for the election success of"another Sanders"in a few years.The Sanders campaign is a major development in radical left-wing politics in the United States after the outbreak of the“Occupy Wall Street”movement.Although it is difficult to trigger a revolutionary change in the American body politic,it can promote reformative changes in the domestic politics from the perspective of promoting left-wing policy programs.