当代俄罗斯文学中的新现代主义思潮

Neo-modernism in Contemporary Russian Literature

本文以叶·沃达拉兹金、阿·瓦尔拉莫夫、米·希什金、米·戈卢勃科夫、鲍·叶夫谢耶夫的作品和巴·克鲁萨诺夫的早期小说为例,研究当代俄罗斯文学中最鲜明且蓬勃发展的一种文学思潮——新现代主义。文章阐释新现代主义思潮出现的原因和先决条件,追溯其继承现代主义文学传统的主要脉络,分析新现代主义艺术思维的基本原则。其中最重要的一大原则是普世性,即探寻和思考人类生存中那些不受具体历史和社会环境影响的普遍的、本体论起源的问题。受此原则影响,新现代主义文本中经常出现不同历史时代的交错相织,主人公可以同时处在不同的时间和社会层面,或者能轻易克服时间界限。新现代主义文学所思考的普世性问题中,永恒、死亡、信仰和爱情范畴尤其重要。本文还详细揭示新现代主义文学中的末世论倾向,在文学-历史和社会文化的宏阔背景下审视新现代主义作品中的死亡观和爱情观之间的关系;详细阐释新现代主义从现代主义那里继承的新神话主义原则,即依靠神话情节和形象作为作品的意义密码;论证道德因素在新现代主义作家创作中的意义,阐释他们对文学的任务和功能完全不同于后现代主义作家的理解;追踪现代主义艺术技巧在新现代主义文本中的运用。

The article is devoted to the characterization of one of the brightest and most productively developing tendencies in contemporary Russian literature - neo-modernism,represented by the works of E.Vodolazkin,A.Varlamov,M.Shishkin,M.Golubkov,B.Yevseyev,and the early novels of P.Krusanov.It explains the reasons and prerequisites for the formation of neo-modernism in contemporary Russian literature,traces the main lines of continuity in relation to the modernistic tradition,and describes the key principles of neo-modernistic artistic thinking.The most important among them is the principle of universalization,which involves the search and artistic comprehension of certain universal,ontological principles of human existence,which are independent of the details of historical and social situation.Due to the principle of universalization,different historical epochs often appear in neo-modernistic texts,heroes might belong to different temporal and social plans at the same time or easily overcome the time boundaries.Among the main universals conceived in neo-modernistic literature,the categories of eternity,death,faith and love are especially significant.The article also describes in detail the eschatological vector of neo-modernistic literature,considering the relationship between the concepts of death and love in the works of neo-modernistic writers in a wide historical,literary and cultural perspective;it expounds in detail such a principle(inherited from modernism) as neomyphologism,that is,reliance on mythological plots and images that act as a kind of semantic code of the work;it argues for the significance of the ethical vector in the work of new-modern writers,characterizing their understanding of the tasks and functions of literature,which is fundamentally different from postmodernists;and it traces the implementation of modernistic art technology in neo-modernistic texts.