基于行为事件访谈法及专家咨询法的医疗护理员胜任力模型研究

Competency model of hospital nurse assistants based on behavioral event interviewing and expert consultation method

目的通过行为事件访谈法及专家咨询法构建医疗护理员岗位胜任力模型,为选拔优秀医疗护理员提供参考。方法基于文献研究法归纳编制医疗护理员胜任力词典初稿,运用预访谈法及专家咨询法对词典进行修改完善,对上海7所医院20名医疗护理员进行行为事件访谈,提取鉴别优秀医疗护理员的胜任力特征并构建医疗护理员岗位胜任力模型。结果访谈文本中,28项胜任力特征出现频次92~184次;平均等级分(2.19±0.70)~(2.78±0.82)。分别有4项、13项胜任特征的平均等级分数、出现频次与访谈长度显著正相关(均P<0.05)。优秀医疗护理员在9项胜任特征的平均等级分数显著优于普通医疗护理员(P<0.05,P<0.01)。最终医疗护理员岗位胜任模型包含"职业服务特征、职业知识与技能、个人特质、应急抢救能力"4个维度,28项胜任力特征中,19项为基准胜任特征,9项为鉴别性胜任特征。结论医疗护理员岗位胜任力模型具有可行性和科学性,19项基准胜任特征可以有效地判断医疗护理员是否具备基本素质,9项鉴别性胜任特征作为选拔招聘优秀医疗护理员的重要素质,为医疗机构培养、选拔优秀医疗护理员提供借鉴。

Objective To construct a competency model of hospital nurse assistants based on behavioral event interviewing and expert consultation method, and to provide reference for the selection of excellent hospital nurse assistants. Methods With literature review method, the first draft of the competency dictionary for hospital nurse assistants was compiled. The dictionary was modified and refined by using pilot interviews and expert consultation method. Behavioral event interviews were conducted among 20 hospital nurse assistants from 7 hospitals in Shanghai to extract and identify the excellent competency features from outstanding hospital nurse assistants, and to construct a competency model of hospital nurse assistants. Results In the interview texts, the 28 competency features appeared 92-184 times. The average grade scores were between(2.19±0.70) and(2.78±0.82). The average grade scores of 4 competency features, and appearance counts of 13 competency features were positively correlated with the length of the interview respectively(P<0.05 for all). The average grade scores of 9 competency features in the outstanding hospital nurse assistants were significantly higher than ordinary ones(P<0.05,P<0.01). The finalized competency model of hospital nurse assistants includes four dimensions of professional service characteristics, professional knowledge and skills, personal characteristics, and emergency rescue ability, totaling 28 competency features, among which, 9 are excellent features and 19 benchmark features. Conclusion The competency model of hospital nurse assistants is feasible and scientific. Among the 28 competency features, 19 benchmark features serve as the minimal qualities that ordinary hospital nurse assistants must possess, while 9 excellent features help set the bar for selection of outstanding hospital nurse assistants.