新生代乡村教师身份认同的“惑”与“不惑”——基于帕特南的社会资本理论视角

“Confusion”and“No Confusion”of the New Generation of Rural Teachers’Identity:From the Perspective of Putnam’s Social Capital Theory

角色认知是身份认同的基础。新生代乡村教师开始或即将迈入"不惑之年"却遭遇角色认知的困惑,表征为行走在城乡之间的"边缘人"、身陷乡村却心寄城市的"异乡人"以及疏远乡村社会生活的"旁观者"。帕特南的社会资本与新生代乡村教师身份认同具有高度的逻辑契合和深度的内在关联,是促进身份认同的重要资源。其中,互惠规范是新生代乡村教师身份认同的制度保障,社会信任是新生代乡村教师身份认同的心理基础,关系网络是新生代乡村教师身份认同的社会桥梁。基于此,建立"普遍互惠"规范、提升"单薄信任"水平以及拓宽"横向关系"网络,进而建构新生代乡村教师身份认同"不惑"的制度保障之路、内生动力之路以及现实效用之路。

Role cognition is the foundation of identity.The new generation of rural teachers who start entering or close to“the age of 40”are confronted with the confusion of role cognition,which is specifically characterized as“marginal people”walking between the urban and rural areas,“strangers”who trapped in the countryside but yearning for the city and“bystanders”who alienated from the rural social life.Putnam’s social capital have a high logical fit and deep internal connection with the identity of the new generation of rural teachers which is an important resource to improve the identity.Among them,reciprocity is the institutional guarantee for the identity of the new generation of rural teachers.Social trust is the psychological foundation of the new generation of rural teachers’identity.The relationship network is the social bridge of the new generation of rural teachers’identity.Based on this,it is necessary to establish the norm of“universal reciprocity”,enhance the level of“weak trust”and broaden the network of“horizontal relations”,so as to construct the way of system guarantee,endogenous power and practical utility of the new generation of rural teachers’identity which are not confused.