摘要
保证粮食播种面积的稳定是确保粮食安全的首要任务。近年来,中国农业节水灌溉的快速发展有效节约了水资源,并提高了土地综合生产能力,为国家的粮食安全提供了有力保障。但节水灌溉措施对粮食播种面积产生何种影响,相关研究尚未达成共识。因此,本文运用双向固定效应模型和调节效应模型,通过2006—2019年的省级面板数据,以农业劳动力资源为调节变量,实证分析了节水灌溉措施对粮食作物播种面积的影响及机制。研究发现:1)在研究年份内,节水灌溉措施能够显著促进粮食播种面积的增加,并且农业劳动力越少,这种促进效应越为显著,即农业劳动力资源发挥着负向调节作用。2)通过划分作物类型发现,以上影响作用主要体现在小麦和玉米两种旱地作物,其对于水稻的影响作用不显著。3)区分节水灌溉措施类型发现,具有节约劳动力效果的现代节水灌溉措施能够提升小麦和玉米的播种面积,且其中农业劳动力资源依旧具有负向调节效应;而不具备明显节约劳动力效果的传统节水灌溉措施仅能促进小麦播种面积的增加。基于以上结论,本文认为在现阶段中国农业劳动力已大量非农转移的背景下,可通过因地制宜建设不同类型的节水灌溉措施,以促进粮食作物的播种面积,为乡村振兴和社会主义现代化的实现筑牢国家粮食安全的“压舱石”。
In recent years,the rapid development of agricultural water-saving irrigation in China has effectively saved water resources and increased the comprehensive production capacity of land,thereby providing a strong guarantee for the country’s food security.However,relevant research has not yet reached a consensus on the impact of water-saving irrigation measures on the sown area of grain crops.Therefore,based on provincial panel data from 2006 to 2019,this study used the two-way fixed effect model and the moderating effect model to empirically analyze the impact and mechanism of water-saving irrigation measures on the sown area of grain crops with agricultural labor resources as the moderating variable.The study found that 1)in the study year,water-saving irrigation measures could significantly promote the increase in the sown area of grain crops.The promoting effect was more significant effect under less agricultural labor resources,indicating a negative regulatory role of agricultural labor resources.2)The promoting effect of water-saving irrigation measures on the sown area of grain crops and the negative regulatory effect of agricultural labor resources were found to be mainly reflected in wheat and corn,and their effects on rice were not significant.3)By re-differentiating the water-saving irrigation measures into modern(spray irrigation,micro-irrigation,low-pressure pipe irrigation)and traditional(canal seepage control)types,it was found that modern water-saving irrigation measures with labor-saving effects could increase the sown area of wheat and corn,and agricultural labor resources still had a negative regulatory effect;traditional water-saving irrigation measures did not have clear labor-saving effects and could only promote an increase in the wheat planting area.Based on the above conclusions,we believed that in the context of the large non-agricultural transfer of agricultural labor resources at this stage,different types of water-saving irrigation measures could be built according to local conditions to promote the sown area of grain crops,thereby ensuring national food security for the realization of rural revitalization and socialist modernization.
作者
奚云霄
刘静
常明
XI Yunxiao;LIU Jing;CHANG Ming(School of Agriculture Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期458-469,共12页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作/港澳台科技创新合作重点专项项目(2017YFE0133000)资助。
关键词
节水灌溉
粮食播种面积
农业劳动力资源
粮食安全
Water-saving irrigation
Sown area of grain crops
Agricultural labor resources
Food security