淡水壳菜对原水水质的影响

Effect of Limnoperna fortunei on Raw Water Quality

为考察淡水壳菜对原水水质产生的影响,通过室内淡水壳菜的培养,对水质指标及8种嗅味物质的变化进行了研究。结果表明:水中的溶解氧含量随着淡水壳菜培养时间的增加而降低,下降速率为0.018 mg/(L·h);水中的氨氮和总氮含量随着淡水壳菜培养时间的增加而增加,氨氮代谢速率总体为0.6×10^(-4)mg/(L·h·个),总氮的变化主要受氨氮变化的影响;硝态氮的含量变化较小,而亚硝态氮和总磷基本无变化。另外,水中活体淡水壳菜代谢不产生研究所测定的8种嗅味物质,而有死亡个体的水中会有8种嗅味物质中的3-甲基吲哚和1-辛烯-3-醇这2种物质产生,且死亡个体越多,其在水中的含量越大。三甲胺及硫醚类物质包括二甲基二硫醚和二甲基三硫醚等具有鱼腥臭及腐败恶臭的物质也在含有死亡淡水壳菜的培养水中被发现。

In order to investigate the effect of Limnoperna fortunei on raw water quality,the changes of water quality indices and eight kinds of odorous substances in water were studied by cultivating Limnoperna fortunei indoor.Results showed that dissolved oxygen content decreased with the increass of the culture time of Limnoperna fortunei,and overall dissolved oxygen decreasing rate was 0.018 mg/(L·h).The content of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen increased with the increass of the culture time of Limnoperna fortunei,and the overall metabolic rate of ammonia nitrogen was 0.6×10^(-4)mg/(L·h·pcs).Change of total nitrogen was mainly affected by the ammonia nitrogen.The content of nitrate nitrogen changed little,while the content of nitrite nitrogen and total phosphorus basically unchanged.In addition,living Limnoperna fortunei didn’t produce eight kinds of odorous substances measured in this study,but water within dead individuals produced two substances of 3-methyindole and 1-octene-3-alcohol in the eight kinds of odorous substances,and the more dead individuals,the greater their content in the water.Trimethylamine and sulfuric ether substances including dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl tri thioether with stench and corrupt stink,had also been found in the cultivating water of dead Limnoperna fortunei.