皖南事变前后的中共与美国

Communist Party of China and United States before and after Southern Anhui Incident

抗日战争进入战略相持阶段后,在战斗中壮大的中国共产党引起国民党的恐慌。1941年,皖南事变发生。此时,美国正有意成为反法西斯国家的兵工厂,对中国事务倾向于观望立场,但希望中国统一力量对抗日本。蒋介石将皖南事变解释为军纪问题、内部问题,美国虽有犹疑却也基本接受,并未改变支持国民党当局的态度。美国没有认识到中国问题的实质,没有看到中共的上升趋势,而是认为国民党会是赢家,并判断国共冲突可以被控制,美国在远东的被动自此便已开始。中共反对包括美国在内的资本主义国家,但在抗战大局下灵活处理与美国的关系,争取有助于抗战的力量。皖南事变发生之时,中共对时局转变作出准确分析,赢得美国舆论的同情,并打开了中共与美国高层联络的渠道,在走向历史舞台中央之初就占得了主动的先机。

After the War of Resistance against Japan entering the stage of strategic stalemate,the Communist Party of China,caused panic among the Kuomintang. In 1941,the Southern Anhui Incident occurred. At this time,the United States was intending to become an arsenal of anti-fascist countries. The United States had just turned to the Far East and tended to take a wait-and-see position on Chinese affairs,and hoped that China would unify its forces to confront Japan. Chiang Kai-shek interpreted the incident as an issue of military discipline and internal issues. The United States did not change its attitude of supporting the Kuomintang authorities,and thought that the Kuomintang would be the winner in the end. Since then,the passivity of the United States in the Far East has begun. After the incident,the CPC made an accurate analysis of the changes in the current situation,won the sympathy of American public opinion,opened the channels of high-level communication between the CPC and the United States,and occupied the initiative at the beginning of going to the center of the historical stage.