高校扩招后不同阶层教育获得的差距与机制——基于顺序逻辑模型的数理分析

The Gap and Generation Mechanism of Different Levels for Education after the Expansion of College Enrollment——Mathematical Analysis of the Model

本文实证分析了高校扩招之后不同阶层教育获得的差距及生成机制,并检验了相对风险回避假说的适用性。1999年高校扩招至今的二十余年间,尽管不同阶层的教育获得存在一定不同,但总体来说,性别差异已基本消失,正在迈向阶层平等化。父母学历、家庭经济和父亲职业三个影响因素中,不同阶层教育获得的差距主要起因于父母学历的不同,即为了规避代际地位下降,无论父母自身学历如何,均倾向于让子女选择至少与父母相当、甚至更高层次的教育。因此在我国,父母学历的影响机制与相对风险回避假说一致,而家庭经济和父亲职业的影响机制与相对风险回避假说相悖。

This paper empirically analyzes the gap and generation mechanism of different levels of education after the expansion of college enrollment, and tests the applicability of the relative risk avoidance hypothesis. In the more than 20 years since the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities in 1999, although there are some differences in the access to education at different levels, on the whole, the gender differences have basically disappeared and are moving towards class equality. Among the three influencing factors of parents’ educational background, family economy and father’s occupation, the gap of education obtained by different classes is mainly due to the difference of parents’ educational background, that is, in order to avoid the decline of intergenerational status, regardless of their own educational background, they tend to let their children choose at least the same or even higher level of education as their parents. Therefore, in China, the influence mechanism of parental education is consistent with the relative risk avoidance hypothesis, while the influence mechanism of family economy and father’s occupation is contrary to the relative risk avoidance hypothesis.