论授予学位的学科和人才培养专业目录的相关问题

On the Catalog of Disciplines and Majors and the Cultivation of Talents

本文通过对1983年以来制定、修订的5版关于授予学位的学科和人才培养的专业目录进行分析,强调作为国家科研重镇的高等院校,其学科设置及分类原则应与国家标准学科分类体系保持一致;通过讨论"学科"和"专业"概念,梳理授予学位的学科和专业体系的逻辑层次;提出对应国家建设多样化需求,硕士研究生以1∶3比例培养学术型和技术(艺术)型人才的建议;重温大学的性质和中国研究生教育兴办的初衷,认为博士研究生教育仍应重学理研究,以高级科研人员和高校师资为主要培养目标;建议研究生教育遵循不同专业人才培养的规律,将人才培养目标与培养方式、培养条件匹配,同时在政策制定方面合理配套,对不同类型人才以不同的学历、学位标准进行公平合理地评估,从而以正确的导向,推动研究生教育健康地发展;提出艺术学学位授予的学科与人才培养专业设置的建议。

This article analyzes the the five editions of "The Catalog of Disciplines and Majors and the Cultivation of Talents" since 1983 and emphasizes that colleges and universities, as the center of the nation’s academic research, shall design their disciplines and majors according to the national standard of discipline classification. It discusses the distinction between "disciplines" and "majors" and clarifies their logical hierarchy. It proposes that graduate schools shall cultivate academic and technical/artistic talents by a proportion of 1:3. It reviews the nature of college education and the purpose of postgraduate education and concludes that the aim of doctoral education shall still be cultivating senior researchers and professors. It suggests that postgraduate education shall follow the rules of cultivating talents of different majors and match talent cultivating’s goals with its methodologies and reality while making reasonable policies and carrying out a proper evaluation of different talents by different standards according to their degrees so as to support the healthy development of postgraduate education. The proposal of academic disciplines and professional settings for talent cultivation. It also gives suggestions for the design of the disciplines and majors for artistic degrees and the cultivation of talents.