不同规模化生猪养殖的成本与收益比较研究

Comparative Study on the Costs and Benefits of Pig Breeding in Different Scales

以每单位主产品成本利润率为切入点,对2000—2018年我国不同规模生猪养殖的成本和收益进行比较分析。结果表明,大规模生猪养殖的成本利润率呈现不断高于中小规模养殖的趋势,而且其收益风险最小,究其根本原因是成本利润率的差异趋势主要来自人工成本差异的变化趋势;同时,大规模生猪养殖的每核算单位用工数量始终最低,平均饲养天数始终最短。基于上述结论,并结合现实,提出有序发展不同规模生猪养殖,进一步压缩生猪养殖成本,稳定市场,推行适度规模养殖,谨慎发展特大规模养殖等建议。

Taking the cost-profit rate per unit of the main product as an entry point,this paper compares and analyzes the costs and benefits of pig farming of different scales in China from^(2)000 to 2018.The results showed that the cost-profit ratio of large-scale pig breeding is constantly higher than that of small and medium-scale breeding,and its profit risk is minimal.The fundamental reason is that the difference in cost and profit ratio mainly comes from the changing trend of labor cost differences;at the same time,the number of labor per accounting unit for large-scale pig breeding is always the lowest,and the average number of breeding days is always the shortest.Based on the above conclusions,combined with reality,we put forward suggestions for the orderly development of pig farming of different scales,further reducing the cost of pig farming,stabilizing the market,promoting moderate-scale farming,and cautiously developing extra-large-scale farming.