疾病史视角下的云南与世界体系——以现代鼠疫防治制度在云南的确立为例

Yunnan and the World System from the Perspective of Disease History:Taking the Establishment of Modern Plague Control System in Yunnan as an Example

随着19世纪后半期及其之后红河航道的兴盛、海关的开埠、滇越铁路的修建、滇缅公路的打通,抗日战争时期云南国际战略地位的变化,以及20世纪七八十年代与沿边国家间的人流物流,云南在交通、经济和国际格局等方面不可避免地纳入到了世界体系之中。与此同时,来自东部沿海地区和世界上的鼠疫流行病学前沿知识,迅速传播到原本略嫌孤立的边陲之地;抗战时期所建立的防治体系和所采用的防治技术,与世界先进水平保持同步;面对查找疫源和防范境外鼠疫输入等新问题,采用了不同于之前的新的方法。现代鼠疫防治制度在云南的确立,也是云南纳入世界体系的一个重要组成部分。

With the prosperity of the Red River Channel in the second half of the 19th century and thereafter,the opening of customs,the construction of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway,the opening of the Yunnan-Burma Highway,the changes in Yunnan's international strategic position during the Anti-Japanese War,and the flow of people and logistics between China and the bordering countries during the 70s and 80s of the 20th century,Yunnan's transportation,economy,and international structure are inevitably incorporated into the world system.At the same time,the frontier knowledge of plague epidemiology from the eastern coastal areas and the world quickly spread to the originally slightly isolated border areas.The control system established during the Anti-Japanese War and the control technology adopted had maintained the world's advanced level.Faced with new problems,such as finding the source of the epidemic and preventing foreign plague importing,new methods different from the previous ones have been adopted.The establishment of a modern plague control system in Yunnan is also an important part of Yunnan's inclusion in the world system.