昆虫Toll与IMD信号通路研究进展

Research Progress of Insect Toll and IMD Signal Pathways

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫体液免疫产生的天然免疫因子,受Toll信号通路和IMD信号通路的调控。Toll信号通路主要是昆虫细胞对革兰氏阳性菌和真菌的免疫应答,而IMD信号通路主要参与细胞对革兰氏阴性菌的免疫反应。Toll和IMD信号通路中存在多种调节免疫反应的正、负反馈信号因子。两条信号通路都始于信号通路上游的模式识别受体识别病原微生物表面的病原相关分子模式,经过信号因子级联反应传递信号,于信号通路下游转录因子进入细胞核,激活体液免疫相关基因的表达。

Insect antimicrobial peptides are innate immune factors produced by insect humoral immunity,which are regulated by Toll and IMD signaling pathways.Toll signaling pathway is mainly involved in the immune response of insect cells to Gram-positive bacteria and fungi,while IMD signaling pathway is mainly involved in the immune response of cells to Gram-negative bacteria.There are many positive and negative feedback signal factors regulating immune response in Toll and IMD signaling pathways.Both signaling pathways begin with pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the surface of pathogenic microorganisms,and then signals are transmitted through a signal cascade.At the downstream of the signaling pathways,transcription factors enter the nucleus to activate the expression of humoral immunity-related genes.