父母离婚对子女教育的影响及其中介效应研究

The Influence of Parents'Divorce on Children's Education and Its Intermediary Effect

基于中国教育追踪调查数据(2014—2015),从家庭结构与家庭资源双重视角考察了父母离婚对未成年子女教育的影响及其中介效应。研究发现:父母离婚对未成年子女教育有明显的负面影响,家庭结构缺损和资源被剥夺是影响未成年子女教育的重要中介机制。从家庭结构看,“母亲缺位”和“双亲缺位”对子女教育的负面影响远大于“父亲缺位”;从家庭资源看,离婚导致了家庭经济资本、社会资本和文化资本不同程度的受损,进而影响子女教育,其中家庭社会资本除了对子女教育有直接中介效应外,还对家庭文化资本产生调节作用,影响文化资本的代际传递效率。应从制度与非制度两个层面为离婚家庭建立保护机制,以减少父母离婚对未成年子女造成的负面冲击。

Based on the perspective of family structure and family resources,using the data of China's Education Panel Survey(2014-2015),this paper investigates the related factors and the mediating mechanism of parental divorce affecting the educational development of minor children.The results show that parents'divorce has a significant negative impact on the educational development of minor children.Family structure defect and family resource deprivation are two important mediating mechanisms of parental divorce affecting the educational development of minor children.The negative effects of“absence of mother”and“absence of both parents”on children's education are much greater than“absence of father”.Divorce leads to varying degrees of damage to economic capital,social capital and cultural capital of the family,which in return affects children's education.In particular,the family social capital,not only plays a direct intermediary role in the development of education,but also plays a regulatory role in the family cultural capital,which greatly affects the intergenerational transmission efficiency of cultural capital.In order to reduce the negative impact of parental divorce on minor children,it is necessary to establish a protection mechanism for divorced families from both institutional and non-institutional levels.