多孔弹性复合材料研制及其吸能缓冲特性

Preparation of Elastic Porous Composite Material and Its Energy-absorption Characteristics

针对战斗部侵彻多层靶板过程中引信承受多次高过载时的缓冲防护需求,提出一种新的缓冲材料设计思路。通过将多孔介质与弹性聚合物混炼加工,形成弹性聚合物纤维空间骨架包络多孔介质颗粒的新型结构。利用扫描电子显微镜分析弹性聚合物质量占比对复合材料内部结构的影响,并结合孔隙率测试和多次静压试验分析弹性聚合物质量占比对材料内部孔隙率和可恢复特性的影响。利用马歇特击锤试验装置进行多次冲击试验,验证材料的吸能缓冲能力。试验结果表明:具有弹性纤维骨架包络结构的多孔材料具备良好的吸能特性和可恢复特性,在多次冲击过程中性能优于纯多孔材料、过填充薄膜材料和聚合物材料,可用于引信在多次冲击历程中的缓冲与防护。

A new design idea of buffering material is put forward for the protection of fuze subjected to multiple high overloads in the process of warhead penetrating into multi-layer target plates.The porous media and elastic polymer are mixed to form a new composite structure in which the particles in porous media are wrapped together by spatial skeleton of elastic fibers.The scanning electron microscope is used to analyze the influence of the mass proportion of elastic polymer on the interior structure of composite films.The influence of the mass proportion of elastic polymer on inner porosity and recoverability were analyzed through the porosity test and multiple static pressure test,and the multiple impact test was conducted by Machete hammer to verify the energy absorption capacity of the material.The test results show that the designed porous material with elastic fiber reticular structure has good energy absorption characteristics and recoverability,and its performance is better than those of the pure porous material,overfilled film material,and polymer material during multiple impacts.It can be used to protect the fuze from damage during multiple impacts.