聚氨酯基纳米纤维复合面料的设计开发及其防水透湿性能

Design and development of polyurethane-based nanofiber composite fabric and its waterproof and moisture permeability

为开发具有高防水、透湿透气性好且力学性能优异的防水透湿面料,将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)胶黏剂引入聚氨酯基纺丝液中,结合静电纺丝技术和热压工艺制备出聚氨酯基纳米纤维复合面料。研究了热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)纳米纤维膜和聚氨酯(PU)/含氟聚氨酯(FPU)/PVB纳米纤维膜的结构形貌及其与基布(涤纶布)热压复合后面料的性能。结果表明:当TPU质量分数为22%,聚氨酯基纺丝液的质量分数为14.5%, PVB占PU的质量分数为50%时,所得TPU纳米纤维膜中的串珠结构最均匀,平均粒径为5.5μm,且形成的点状结构不仅能有效黏合纤维膜和基布,也保障了复合面料的透气性;聚氨酯基纳米纤维复合面料的断裂强度达89.6 MPa,耐水压高达51.6 kPa,透湿量达7.6 kg/(m^(2)·d),透气量为14.6 mm/s。该复合面料优异的防水透湿性能可以满足其在户外运动服、化学防护服、野外作战服等领域的多元化应用。

In order to develop waterproof and moisture permeable fabrics with high waterproof, good moisture permeability and excellent mechanical properties, polyvinyl butaldehyde(PVB) was introduced into polyurethane-based spinning solution, and polyurethane-based nanofiber composite fabrics were prepared by combining electrospinning technology with hot-pressing technology. The structure and morphology of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) nanofiber membrane and polyurethane(PU)/fluorinated polyurethane(FPU)/PVB nanofiber membrane were investigated, and the properties of the composite fabric after hot-pressing of nanofiber membranes and base fabric(polyester fabric) were also investigated. The results show that the bead structure of TPU nanofiber is relatively uniform with the average particle size of 5.5 μm, and the spot-shaped structure not only effectively binds the fiber membrane and fabric, but also ensures the air permeability of the composite fabric, and polyurethane-based nanofiber composite fabrics possess breaking strength of 89.6 MPa, the hydrostatic pressure of 51.6 kPa, the moisture permeability of 7.6 kg/(m^(2)·d), and the air permeability of 14.6 mm/s when the concentration of TPU is 22%, the concentration of PU/FPU/PVB spinning solution is 14.5%, and the PVB accounted for 50% of PU. The excellent comprehensive properties of the composite fabric can meet its diversified applications in outdoor sports clothing, chemical protective clothing, field combat clothing and other fields.